A nurse is preparing a client for a colonoscopy. The client has a family history of colon cancer. Which of the following types of prevention is the nurse demonstrating?
Quaternary.
Tertiary.
Primary.
Secondary.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Quaternary prevention avoids over-medicalization, reducing unnecessary interventions. It focuses on minimizing harm from excessive testing or treatment, not screening procedures like colonoscopy, which targets early disease detection in at-risk individuals, such as those with a family history of colon cancer.
Choice B reason: Tertiary prevention manages existing diseases to prevent complications (e.g., rehabilitation after a stroke). Colonoscopy screens for early colon cancer or polyps in asymptomatic individuals, not managing an existing condition, making it a preventive screening rather than a tertiary intervention for disease management.
Choice C reason: Primary prevention prevents disease onset through measures like vaccinations or lifestyle changes. Colonoscopy detects existing abnormalities (e.g., polyps) in at-risk individuals, not preventing cancer initiation but identifying it early, aligning with screening rather than primary prevention strategies like diet modification.
Choice D reason: Secondary prevention involves early detection of diseases in asymptomatic individuals, such as colonoscopy for colon cancer screening. In those with a family history, it identifies precancerous polyps or early cancers, enabling timely intervention to prevent progression, aligning with screening goals for high-risk populations.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Insulin detemir is a long-acting insulin analog, providing basal coverage over 12-24 hours by binding to albumin, slowing absorption. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), rapid correction of hyperglycemia and acidosis requires short-acting insulin like regular insulin, as detemir’s slow onset cannot address acute metabolic decompensation effectively.
Choice B reason: NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin with an onset of 1-2 hours and duration of 12-18 hours. Its delayed action makes it unsuitable for DKA, where rapid-acting insulin is needed to quickly lower blood glucose and suppress ketogenesis, preventing further acidosis and metabolic deterioration.
Choice C reason: Insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin, provides steady basal coverage over 24 hours with no peak. Its slow, sustained release is inappropriate for DKA, which demands immediate, titratable insulin to rapidly correct hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidosis, restoring metabolic balance in an acute emergency setting.
Choice D reason: Regular insulin, a short-acting insulin, has an onset of 30 minutes and duration of 3-6 hours, making it ideal for DKA treatment. Administered intravenously, it rapidly lowers blood glucose, suppresses ketone production, and corrects acidosis by facilitating glucose uptake and inhibiting lipolysis, stabilizing the patient’s metabolic state.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant that forms a gel-like barrier over gastric ulcers, shielding them from acid and pepsin. It does not have antimicrobial properties to prevent opportunistic infections, which are typically managed by antibiotics or antifungals targeting pathogens like Candida or Pneumocystis in immunocompromised patients.
Choice B reason: Sucralfate acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract, coating ulcerated mucosa to promote healing. It has no systemic effects on ocular structures or neural pathways involved in vision. Impaired vision may result from conditions like cataracts or glaucoma, which require specific ophthalmic treatments, not mucosal protectants.
Choice C reason: Sucralfate’s therapeutic effect involves forming a protective barrier over gastric or duodenal ulcers, reducing irritation from stomach acid and pepsin, thus alleviating gastrointestinal pain. This local action promotes ulcer healing and symptom relief, making pain reduction a direct indicator of its efficacy in peptic ulcer disease management.
Choice D reason: Sucralfate does not affect glucose metabolism or insulin secretion. Blood glucose reduction is managed by antidiabetic agents like metformin or insulin, which target pancreatic beta cells or glucose uptake. Sucralfate’s action is confined to the gastrointestinal tract, with no impact on endocrine pathways regulating blood sugar.
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