A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is starting to receive hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Use salt substitutes to reduce your sodium intake."
"Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 mL a day."
"Include phosphorus-rich foods in your diet."
"Avoid food products that contain trans-fats."
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. "Use salt substitutes to reduce your sodium intake.": Salt substitutes often contain potassium, which can accumulate to dangerous levels in clients with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, they should be avoided rather than recommended.
B. "Increase your fluid intake to 1,000 mL a day.": Clients on hemodialysis typically require fluid restrictions, not increases, to prevent fluid overload between dialysis sessions. Fluid allowances are individualized based on urine output and clinical status.
C. "Include phosphorus-rich foods in your diet.": Phosphorus levels tend to rise in clients with kidney failure, contributing to bone disease. These clients are advised to avoid phosphorus-rich foods like dairy, nuts, and cola beverages.
D. "Avoid food products that contain trans-fats.": Clients with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Avoiding trans-fats, which raise LDL cholesterol and promote inflammation, supports heart health and is an appropriate dietary recommendation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Respiratory alkalosis: The pH is elevated at 7.48, and the PaCO₂ is decreased at 30 mm Hg, indicating a loss of carbon dioxide due to hyperventilation. The HCO₃ is within normal range, confirming the imbalance is respiratory in origin. This pattern reflects respiratory alkalosis, which is commonly caused by anxiety-induced hyperventilation.
B. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low pH and elevated PaCO₂. In this case, the pH is high and PaCO₂ is low, which is the opposite pattern of respiratory acidosis.
C. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis involves an elevated pH with an increased HCO₃. While this client’s pH is elevated, their HCO₃ is normal, making a metabolic cause unlikely.
D. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis presents with a decreased pH and decreased HCO₃. The client’s pH is high and HCO₃ is within the normal range, ruling out this imbalance.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "Cauliflower is a good dietary choice”. Cauliflower is a gas-forming vegetable that can increase abdominal discomfort in clients with gallbladder disease. It is not typically recommended during symptomatic periods or recovery from cholelithiasis.
B. "Increase the amount of egg yolks in your diet." Egg yolks are high in cholesterol and fat, which can trigger gallbladder contractions and worsen symptoms in clients with cholelithiasis. These should be limited or avoided.
C. "Select desserts such as angel-food cake." Angel-food cake is low in fat and cholesterol, making it an appropriate dessert option for individuals with gallbladder disease. Low-fat and non-irritating foods are key to managing symptoms.
D. "Eat choice or prime cuts of meat." Choice or prime cuts tend to have a higher fat content. High-fat meats can exacerbate symptoms by stimulating bile production and gallbladder contractions, which should be avoided in cholelithiasis.
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