A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of lactulose to a client diagnosed with cirrhosis. The client states, "I don't need this medication. I am not constipated." The nurse should explain that in clients who have cirrhosis, lactulose is used to decrease levels of which of the following components in the bloodstream?
Potassium
Ammonia
Glucose
Bicarbonate
The Correct Answer is B
A. Lactulose is not used to decrease potassium levels. It is a laxative that works by drawing water into the colon, softening stools and promoting bowel movements.
B. Lactulose is used to decrease ammonia levels in clients with cirrhosis. Ammonia is a byproduct of protein metabolism, and when the liver is compromised, it may not effectively convert ammonia into urea, leading to elevated ammonia levels in the bloodstream. Lactulose helps reduce ammonia absorption in the colon.
C. Lactulose does not decrease glucose levels significantly. It is not primarily used as an antidiabetic medication.
D. Lactulose does not affect bicarbonate levels significantly. It primarily targets ammonia reduction in clients with cirrhosis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Obstruction of the bile duct:
Biliary cirrhosis can result from chronic obstruction of the bile ducts, leading to damage to the liver tissue. This obstruction can be due to various causes, such as gallstones or strictures.
B. Hepatotoxic medications:
While certain medications can contribute to liver damage, biliary cirrhosis specifically refers to conditions affecting the bile ducts. Hepatotoxic medications may contribute to cirrhosis but not necessarily biliary cirrhosis.
C. Hepatitis C:
Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. While chronic hepatitis C infection can lead to cirrhosis, it is not synonymous with biliary cirrhosis.
D. Excessive alcohol consumption:
Excessive alcohol consumption is a common cause of cirrhosis, but biliary cirrhosis specifically refers to cirrhosis resulting from chronic obstruction of the bile ducts.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I'll wear sandals in warm weather":
While wearing sandals in warm weather can be comfortable, it may not provide adequate protection for the feet, especially for individuals with diabetes. Closed, protective shoes are generally recommended to prevent injuries.
B. "I'll put lotion between my toes after drying my feet":
Applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, which may increase the risk of fungal infections. It is generally advisable to keep the skin between the toes dry to prevent infections.
C. "I'll check my feet every day for sores and bruises":
This statement is correct. Regular foot checks are crucial for individuals with diabetes to identify any signs of sores, bruises, or other abnormalities early. Early detection and prompt treatment can help prevent complications.
D. "I’ll soak my feet in cool water every night before I go to bed":
Soaking the feet in cool water is generally not recommended, as it can lead to maceration of the skin and increase the risk of fungal infections. Daily inspection and proper hygiene are more important aspects of foot care.
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