A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that is available in a glass ampule.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
The nurse should use a filter needle to withdraw the medication.
The nurse should break the neck of the ampule toward their body.
The nurse should use the same needle to draw up and inject the client.
The nurse should dispose of the ampule in the trash can.
The Correct Answer is A
This is because glass ampules can leave small shards of glass in the solution, which can be harmful if injected into the client. A filter needle has a small mesh that traps any glass particles and prevents them from entering the syringe.
Choice B is wrong because the nurse should break the neck of the ampule away from their body to avoid injury from the glass.
Choice C is wrong because the nurse should use a different needle to inject the client after withdrawing the medication with a filter needle. This is to prevent contamination and reduce pain for the client.
Choice D is wrong because the nurse should dispose of the ampule in a sharps container, not in the trash can. This is to prevent injury and infection from the broken glass.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The leader allows the group to discuss whatever they would like to regarding their medications.
This is because a laissez-faire leadership style is characterized by minimal guidance and direction from the leader, and maximum freedom and autonomy for the followers.
The leader does not impose any rules or expectations on the group, and lets them decide how to manage their own learning and behavior.
Choice A is wrong because having group members vote on what they would like to learn about during the session is an example of a democratic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.
A democratic leader solicits input and feedback from the group, and makes decisions based on consensus and majority rule.
Choice B is wrong because lecturing about medication adverse effects to the group members is an example of an authoritarian leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.
An authoritarian leader dictates what the group should do and how they should do it, without considering their opinions or preferences.
Choice D is wrong because encouraging group members to remain silent until questions are called for is an example of a paternalistic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.
A paternalistic leader treats the group as if they are incapable of making their own decisions, and assumes a protective and nurturing role over them.
Normal ranges for leadership styles are not applicable in this context, as different styles may be more or less effective depending on the situation and the goals of the group.
However, some general advantages and disadvantages of each style are:
- Laissez-faire: Advantages - fosters creativity, independence, and self-motivation; Disadvantages - may lead to chaos, confusion, and lack of accountability.
- Democratic: Advantages - promotes participation, collaboration, and satisfaction; Disadvantages - may be time-consuming, inefficient, and conflict-prone.
- Authoritarian: Advantages - provides clarity, direction, and control; Disadvantages - may cause resentment, resistance, and dependency.
- Paternalistic: Advantages - creates trust, loyalty, and commitment; Disadvantages - may inhibit growth, development, and empowerment.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. It is more difficult to detect in people who have dark skin, so the nurse should look for cyanosis in areas where the skin is thinner and the blood supply is richer, such as the palms of the hands, the lips, the gums, and around the eyes.
These areas are less affected by melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.
Choice A is wrong because an area of trauma may have bruising or inflammation that can mask cyanosis.
Choice B is wrong because the sacrum is not a good site to assess for cyanosis in any skin tone, as it is prone to pressure ulcers and poor circulation.
Choice C is wrong because the shoulders are not a mucous membrane and may have more melanin than other areas of the body.
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