A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a client about to begin chemotherapy and has a history of severe nausea and vomiting as a result. Which medication should the nurse anticipate administering prophylactically to best prevent nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy?
Polyethylene glycol, an osmotic laxative
Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor
Loperamide, an opioid
Ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist given 30 minutes before chemotherapy
The Correct Answer is D
A. Polyethylene glycol, an osmotic laxative: Polyethylene glycol is used to treat constipation by drawing water into the intestines. It does not prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting and is not effective for this purpose.
B. Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor: Omeprazole decreases gastric acid production and is used for gastroesophageal reflux or ulcers. It does not prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting and is not indicated for prophylaxis.
C. Loperamide, an opioid: Loperamide is an antidiarrheal that slows intestinal motility. It does not prevent nausea or vomiting related to chemotherapy and is not used for this purpose.
D. Ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist given 30 minutes before chemotherapy: Ondansetron blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and gastrointestinal tract, preventing nausea and vomiting. Administering it 30 minutes before chemotherapy provides effective prophylaxis, in patients with severe chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The antibacterial, Nitrofurantoin:Nitrofurantoin is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections. It has no efficacy against common pathogens causing otitis media and is not indicated for ear infections.
B. The antibacterial, Amoxicillin:Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media in children. It is effective against common bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniaeand Haemophilus influenzae, and it is generally safe and well-tolerated.
C. The antifungal, Ketoconazole:Ketoconazole treats fungal infections and is not effective against bacterial pathogens causing otitis media. Its use would be inappropriate in this bacterial ear infection.
D. The antibacterial, Vancomycin:Vancomycin is a strong, intravenous antibiotic reserved for severe or resistant infections. It is not used as first-line therapy for uncomplicated otitis media in children.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. If they have had any past issues or allergies to the vaccine: Screening for previous allergic reactions or adverse events is critical to prevent severe reactions such as anaphylaxis. This safety check is a priority before any immunization.
B. If there are any questions regarding the client’s vaccine schedule: Addressing questions about the schedule is important for education and adherence but does not directly prevent an immediate adverse reaction. Safety screening takes precedence.
C. If they have an immunization card for documentation: Having a record ensures proper documentation and tracking of vaccines but does not impact the immediate safety of vaccine administration.
D. If they have a site preference for vaccine administration: While patient comfort is considered, site preference does not affect the safety or effectiveness of the vaccine. Priority is screening for allergies and contraindications.
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