A nurse is providing education to a group of adults during a community health fair about cancer screening. Which of the following statements by a participant indicates a need for further teaching?
"I should have a low-dose CT scan annually if I have a long history of smoking"
"I do not need to apply sunscreen every day."
"I need a Pap smear every 3 years starting at age 21"
"I will start getting colonoscopies every 10 years starting at age 45
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Adults with a long history of smoking (especially those aged 50–80 with a 20 pack-year history) should have annual low-dose CT scans for early lung cancer detection.
B. The statement “I do not need to apply sunscreen every day” reflects a lack of understanding. Daily sunscreen use is recommended to reduce the risk of skin cancer, even on cloudy days or in indirect sunlight.
C. Pap smear guidelines recommend screening every 3 years starting at age 21, assuming normal results—this is correct.
D. Colonoscopy screening for average-risk adults is recommended to begin at age 45, with a repeat every 10 years if results are normal.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This response is nontherapeutic and discouraging, and it does not support the client emotionally or clarify her concerns.
B. While involving the provider is appropriate, deferring the conversation entirely fails to address the client’s immediate emotional needs.
C. Asking, “What is it about the adverse effects that concerns you?” is a therapeutic, open-ended response that encourages the client to express her feelings, allowing the nurse to provide support and individualized education.
D. Referring to the American Cancer Society is helpful, but it should not replace direct engagement and support from the nurse in the moment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Visible atrophy may occur in advanced disease due to disuse, but it is not a hallmark early finding of RA.
B. Morning joint stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes is a classic symptom of rheumatoid arthritis, often improving with activity. This distinguishes it from osteoarthritis, where stiffness is typically brief.
C. While RA is a systemic inflammatory disease, it does not typically present with signs of acute infection (e.g., fever, chills) unless there’s a secondary complication.
D. RA-affected joints are usually warm, swollen, and tender, not cool. Decreased range of motion can occur but is not the most specific early indicator.
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