A nurse is providing teaching about toilet training to the caregiver of a 2-year-old client who has a history of vesicoureteral reflux. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make to help the caregiver decrease the risk of UTI development? (Select All that Apply.)
Wipe the genitals from back to front.
Use nylon underwear.
Encourage frequent trips to the toilet.
Avoid bubble baths.
Limit fluid intake.
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Wipe the genitals from back to front: Wiping from back to front increases the risk of introducing bacteria from the anal area to the urethra, which can contribute to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Caregivers should be instructed to wipe from front to back.
B. Use nylon underwear: Nylon or synthetic underwear can trap moisture and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, increasing UTI risk. Cotton underwear is recommended for better ventilation and moisture absorption.
C. Encourage frequent trips to the toilet: Encouraging regular urination helps prevent urine stasis in the bladder, reducing the risk of bacterial growth and UTIs. Scheduled toilet trips are particularly important for children with vesicoureteral reflux.
D. Avoid bubble baths: Bubble baths and harsh soaps can irritate the urethra and perineal area, increasing susceptibility to UTIs. Plain water or mild soap is recommended during bathing.
E. Limit fluid intake: Limiting fluids can concentrate urine and reduce the frequency of urination, both of which increase the risk of UTIs. Adequate hydration is essential to flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Avoid giving any new foods until after the infant is one year old to prevent allergic reactions.": Delaying the introduction of solid foods beyond 6 months is not recommended and may increase the risk of nutrient deficiencies and feeding difficulties. Early, age-appropriate introduction is safe and supports growth.
B. "It's best to begin solid foods at 4 months to help reduce the amount of breast milk or formula intake.": Introducing solids before 6 months is generally not advised as the infant’s digestive system and oral-motor skills may not be fully developed, increasing the risk of choking and nutrient imbalance.
C. "Solid foods should complement breast milk or formula starting around 6 months, but table foods should only be introduced when the infant shows readiness signs like grasping.": Evidence-based guidelines recommend starting solids around 6 months, continuing breast milk or formula, and assessing readiness cues such as head control, sitting with support, and interest in food. This approach promotes safe feeding and nutritional adequacy.
D. "You can replace breast milk entirely with solid table foods once the infant reaches 6 months of age.": Solid foods at 6 months are meant to complement, not replace, breast milk or formula, which remain the primary source of nutrition until around 12 months.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Phenylketonuria (PKU): PKU is an inborn error of metabolism that typically does not present immediately at birth. Newborns are usually asymptomatic until phenylalanine accumulates, causing developmental delays if untreated, so refusal to feed on day 1 is not characteristic.
B. Galactosemia: Galactosemia is a metabolic disorder in which the newborn cannot properly metabolize galactose. Classic early signs include lethargy, vomiting, jaundice, and refusal to breast or bottle feed within the first days of life, making this the most likely diagnosis.
C. Beta thalassemia minor: This condition is generally asymptomatic and does not present with lethargy or feeding refusal in the newborn period. It usually manifests later with mild anemia.
D. Hepatoblastoma: Hepatoblastoma is a rare liver tumor that typically presents later in infancy with abdominal mass or hepatomegaly and does not cause lethargy or immediate feeding refusal in a 1-day-old newborn.
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