A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who was diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as being consistent with this condition?

A. Limiting social interactions to reduce overstimulation during early infancy: While minimizing overstimulation is sometimes necessary, limiting social interaction can hinder the development of trust and attachment, which are critical psychosocial milestones at 4 months.

B. Responding promptly and calmly when the infant cries to foster trust and security: At 4 months, infants are developing a sense of trust versus mistrust. Consistent, sensitive responses to the infant’s needs help establish secure attachment and a foundation for healthy psychosocial development.

C. Encouraging the infant to explore objects independently without interaction: Independent exploration is limited at this age, and social interaction is crucial for developing attachment and communication skills, so this does not support expected psychosocial milestones.

D. Allowing the infant to cry for extended periods to encourage self-soothing: Infants this young are not developmentally capable of self-soothing for long periods. Ignoring their cries can undermine trust and security, which are central at this stage.

A. Obtain a urology consult for immediate evaluation: Sudden, severe testicular pain in an adolescent is highly concerning for testicular torsion, a surgical emergency. Prompt urologic evaluation is critical to restore blood flow and prevent irreversible testicular ischemia and loss.

B. Apply heat to the affected area for relief: Heat application is inappropriate in acute scrotal pain and may delay diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion, potentially worsening ischemic injury.

C. Recommend the client take over-the-counter pain relievers and monitor pain over the next few days: Delaying evaluation in the setting of acute testicular pain risks permanent damage or loss of the testicle. Observation and analgesics alone are unsafe without ruling out torsion.

D. Determine if the adolescent has had exposure to the mumps recently: Mumps orchitis typically presents with gradual onset of testicular pain and swelling, often with systemic symptoms. While history is relevant, immediate evaluation for torsion takes priority.