A nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-month-old infant about promoting psychosocial development. Which parental behavior best supports the infant in achieving the expected psychosocial milestone at this age?

Limiting social interactions to reduce overstimulation during early infancy.

Responding promptly and calmly when the infant cries to foster trust and security.

Encouraging the infant to explore objects independently without interaction.

Allowing the infant to cry for extended periods to encourage self-soothing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Limiting social interactions to reduce overstimulation during early infancy: While minimizing overstimulation is sometimes necessary, limiting social interaction can hinder the development of trust and attachment, which are critical psychosocial milestones at 4 months.

B. Responding promptly and calmly when the infant cries to foster trust and security: At 4 months, infants are developing a sense of trust versus mistrust. Consistent, sensitive responses to the infant’s needs help establish secure attachment and a foundation for healthy psychosocial development.

C. Encouraging the infant to explore objects independently without interaction: Independent exploration is limited at this age, and social interaction is crucial for developing attachment and communication skills, so this does not support expected psychosocial milestones.

D. Allowing the infant to cry for extended periods to encourage self-soothing: Infants this young are not developmentally capable of self-soothing for long periods. Ignoring their cries can undermine trust and security, which are central at this stage.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Potential delays in oral motor skills: Infants who undergo cleft lip or palate repair may experience difficulties with sucking, swallowing, and feeding, which can affect oral motor development. Early interventions such as feeding therapy and monitoring of speech development are important.

B. Potential delays in olfactory motor skills: Olfactory function is not typically affected by cleft lip or palate, so delays in smell-related motor skills are not a primary concern.

C. Potential delays in fine motor skills: Cleft repair does not directly impact hand-eye coordination or fine motor development, so this is not a typical developmental concern for these infants.

D. Potential delays in proprioceptive skills: Proprioception, or body position awareness, is not generally affected by cleft lip or palate repair, so this is not a developmental issue to prioritize in the care plan.

A. "Most vaccines require only one dose." B. "The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine." C. "Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines." D. "Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Most vaccines require only one dose.": Many vaccines require multiple doses or boosters to provide full and lasting immunity, such as DTaP, MMR, and pneumococcal vaccines. Stating that most vaccines are single-dose is inaccurate and may give caregivers a false sense of protection.

B. "The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine.": Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent rhinovirus infections, which are a common cause of the common cold. Education should focus on vaccines that prevent serious respiratory infections, such as influenza and pneumococcal disease.

C. "Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines.": On the contrary, children with chronic respiratory conditions are at higher risk for complications from infections and should receive recommended vaccines to reduce morbidity and prevent severe illness.

D. "Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses.": Timely vaccination according to recommended schedules helps protect children from preventable respiratory infections before exposure. Early immunization is essential to developing immunity and reducing the risk of complications, particularly in school-age children.

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-month-old infant about promoting psychosocial development. Which parental behavior best supports the infant in achieving the expected psychosocial milestone at this age?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a 1-year-old following cleft lip and cleft palate repair. Which of the following are developmental concerns for the infant?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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