A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a heart-healthy diet with a group of clients who have hypertension.
Which of the following statements by the clients indicates a need for further teaching?

"Fresh fruits are good to include with meals.”.

"I will replace table salt with dried herbs.”.

"I can have a cola drink twice a day.”.

"I can eat frozen juice bars for a snack.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

"Fresh fruits are good to include with meals.”. Including fresh fruits with meals is an excellent choice for a heart-healthy diet. Fresh fruits are rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Choice B rationale:

"I will replace table salt with dried herbs.”. This is a good choice for reducing sodium intake. Dried herbs can add flavor to food without the need for table salt, which is high in sodium. Lowering sodium intake is crucial for individuals with hypertension to manage their condition and maintain a heart-healthy diet.

Choice C rationale:

"I can have a cola drink twice a day.”. This choice is incorrect. Consuming cola drinks, which are high in sugar and caffeine, is not advisable for individuals with hypertension. High sugar intake can contribute to weight gain and high blood pressure, while caffeine can temporarily raise blood pressure. Clients with hypertension should limit or avoid soda consumption.

Choice D rationale:

"I can eat frozen juice bars for a snack.”. Frozen juice bars can be a healthier alternative to high-calorie, sugary snacks. However, the specific content of these bars should be considered. If they contain added sugars or high levels of sodium, it may not be the best choice. Clients with hypertension should focus on snacks that are low in added sugars and salt.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Fine rales Fine rales, also known as crackles, are typically associated with conditions like pulmonary edema, pneumonia, or interstitial lung diseases. These sounds are often described as "crackling" or "popping" and are heard during inspiration. In an acute asthma exacerbation, expiratory wheezing is more characteristic than fine rales.

Choice B rationale:

Rhonchi Rhonchi are continuous, low-pitched sounds that can be heard in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchitis. They are typically present during both inspiration and expiration. In an acute asthma exacerbation, you would expect to hear wheezing during expiration, which is different from the characteristics of rhonchi.

Choice D rationale:

Pleural friction rub Pleural friction rub is a grating, leathery sound caused by the inflamed pleura rubbing against each other. It is typically heard during both inspiration and expiration and is associated with conditions like pleuritis or pleurisy. It is not commonly associated with acute asthma exacerbation. Now, let's move on to the next question.

A. pH 7.50 and HCO3 31 mm Hg. B. pH 7.30 and HCO3 19 mm Hg. C. pH 7.47 and PaCO2 31 mm Hg. D. pH 7.32 and PaCO2 50 mm Hg.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is: C.

Choice A reason: A pH of 7.50 and HCO3 of 31 mm Hg suggest a metabolic alkalosis due to the high bicarbonate level. However, during a panic attack, hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic, due to the excessive exhalation of CO2, which is not consistent with this option.

Choice B reason: A pH of 7.30 and HCO3 of 19 mm Hg indicate a metabolic acidosis due to the low bicarbonate level. This is not typically associated with hyperventilation during a panic attack, which usually causes respiratory alkalosis, characterized by a decrease in CO2 levels and an increase in pH.

Choice C reason: A pH of 7.47 and PaCO2 of 31 mm Hg are indicative of respiratory alkalosis, which is expected during hyperventilation as a result of a panic attack. Hyperventilation causes a decrease in carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels, leading to an increase in pH. The normal ranges for arterial blood gases are: pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, and HCO3 22-26 mEq/L.

Choice D reason: A pH of 7.32 and PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg suggest respiratory acidosis due to the elevated PaCO2 level. This would be more consistent with hypoventilation, which is not the case during a panic attack where hyperventilation occurs.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a heart-healthy diet with a group of clients who have hypertension. Which of the following statements by the clients indicates a need for further teaching?

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a heart-healthy diet with a group of clients who have hypertension.
Which of the following statements by the clients indicates a need for further teaching?