A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching to explain the cause of peripheral arterial disease?
Blood flow is altered due to atherosclerosis affecting the tissues’ ability to receive oxygen-rich blood
Blood flow is altered and causes blood to pool in the legs
Blood flow is altered due to incompetent valves causing increased venous pressure
Blood flow is altered due to excessive stretching of the ventricles impairing the heart to contract
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Peripheral arterial disease is caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque narrows arteries, reducing oxygen-rich blood flow to tissues, leading to ischemia and claudication. This explanation accurately describes the pathophysiology, making it the correct statement to include in teaching about the disease’s cause.
Choice B reason: Blood pooling in the legs is characteristic of peripheral venous disease, not arterial disease, which involves reduced arterial flow due to atherosclerosis. This statement is incorrect, as it describes venous stasis, not the arterial insufficiency that defines peripheral arterial disease’s pathophysiology.
Choice C reason: Incompetent valves cause venous insufficiency, leading to increased venous pressure and edema, not peripheral arterial disease, which results from arterial plaque buildup. This statement is incorrect, as it pertains to venous, not arterial, pathology, misrepresenting the cause of the client’s condition.
Choice D reason: Excessive ventricular stretching relates to heart failure, not peripheral arterial disease, which is caused by atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries. This statement is incorrect, as it describes cardiac dysfunction, not the arterial occlusion that impairs tissue oxygenation in peripheral arterial disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aerobic exercise for 30 minutes most days (150 minutes weekly) lowers blood pressure by improving vascular function and reducing cardiac workload. This is a correct recommendation, as it aligns with hypertension guidelines, promoting cardiovascular health in a 55-year-old patient.
Choice B reason: Limiting alcohol to one drink per day reduces blood pressure, as excessive alcohol raises it by increasing vascular resistance. This is a correct recommendation, supporting hypertension management by minimizing alcohol’s adverse effects on cardiovascular function in the patient.
Choice C reason: A diet high in saturated fats increases cholesterol and blood pressure, worsening hypertension. Low-saturated-fat diets, like DASH, are recommended, making this incorrect, as the nurse should teach reducing saturated fats to improve cardiovascular outcomes in hypertension.
Choice D reason: Losing weight if overweight reduces blood pressure by decreasing vascular resistance and cardiac strain. This is a correct recommendation, as weight loss is a key lifestyle change for hypertension management, improving overall cardiovascular health in the patient.
Choice E reason: Increasing processed food intake is incorrect, as these foods are high in sodium, raising blood pressure. A low-sodium diet is recommended for hypertension, making this an incorrect choice, as the nurse should teach avoiding processed foods to control blood pressure.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: A healed, painful area on the spine is unrelated to peripheral artery disease, which affects limb circulation. It may indicate a separate issue but is not a priority safety concern for this condition, making it less urgent to report compared to balance issues.
Choice B reason: Needing to walk slowly due to frequent loss of balance is a safety concern in peripheral artery disease, as it suggests neuropathy or severe ischemia, increasing fall risk. This requires immediate provider attention to prevent injury, making it the correct statement to report.
Choice C reason: Feeling sad about not keeping up with grandchildren reflects emotional impact but not an immediate safety concern in peripheral artery disease. Balance issues pose a greater risk, making this less urgent to report, as it does not indicate physical harm.
Choice D reason: Avoiding going out due to leg pain is expected in peripheral artery disease (claudication) but is not an immediate safety concern like balance loss. It requires management but not urgent reporting, making this incorrect compared to the fall risk indicated by balance issues.
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