A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a child and her parents who has a growth hormone deficiency. Which of the following complications of untreated growth hormone deficiency should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Increased epiphyseal closure.
Premature aging.
Delayed sexual development.
Short stature.
Advanced bone age.
Correct Answer : B,C,D
A. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency does not cause early closure of the epiphyseal plates. Instead, GH deficiency results in delayed epiphyseal closure due to slowed skeletal growth.
B. Children with untreated GH deficiency may develop features of premature aging, including decreased muscle mass, increased fat distribution, and reduced energy levels as they grow older. This results from long-term metabolic effects of inadequate GH.
C. GH deficiency often occurs along with other pituitary hormone deficiencies. This can result in delayed puberty, delayed sexual maturation, and lack of secondary sexual characteristics.
D. Short stature is the most prominent complication of untreated GH deficiency. Children grow at a reduced rate and fall below the expected growth curve without GH supplementation.
E. GH deficiency leads to delayed (not advanced) bone age due to impaired skeletal maturation. Radiographs usually show younger-than-expected bone development for the child’s chronological age.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This statement reflects proper site rotation within a specific anatomical area. Rotating injections within the same general area (e.g., abdomen, thigh, upper arm) after 4–6 injections helps prevent lipohypertrophy while maintaining consistent absorption rates. Proper rotation within a single area is safer than frequently changing anatomical sites.
B. Aspiration is not recommended for subcutaneous insulin injections because the risk of injecting into a blood vessel is extremely low and aspiration can increase pain or tissue trauma.
C. Subcutaneous insulin should generally be injected at a 90-degree angle for most children and adults. A 30-degree angle is only used in very thin individuals to avoid intramuscular injection. Using a 30-degree angle routinely may reduce absorption consistency.
D. Glargine (long-acting insulin) should never be mixed with other insulins in the same syringe because it alters its pharmacokinetics. Mixing can lead to unpredictable absorption and blood glucose fluctuations. Only certain short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins can be safely mixed if prescribed.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. This statement is appropriate. Children with type 1 diabetes should eat a carbohydrate-containing snack before physical activity to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise.
B. Rotating insulin injection sites within the same general area helps prevent lipodystrophy (thickened or atrophied skin) and ensures consistent insulin absorption.
C. This statement is appropriate. Regular blood glucose monitoring is essential for tight glycemic control and helps guide insulin dosing and dietary adjustments.
D. This statement indicates a need for additional teaching. Children with type 1 diabetes should continue taking their insulin during illness, as stress and infection can increase blood glucose levels. Skipping insulin can lead to hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a serious complication.
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