A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about nutrition.
The client has hypertension and is taking a potassium-wasting diuretic.
Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Increase consumption of canned tuna and salmon.
Consume oranges and bananas.
Limit intake of dried fruits.
Avoid cow's milk.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Canned tuna and salmon, while sources of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, are not particularly high in potassium. Clients taking potassium-wasting diuretics need foods rich in potassium to replace the electrolytes lost through increased urination.
Choice B rationale
Oranges and bananas are excellent sources of potassium. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that is often depleted by potassium-wasting diuretics like furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide. Consuming these fruits helps maintain adequate potassium levels, which are crucial for cardiac function and muscle contraction. The normal range for serum potassium is typically 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
Choice C rationale
Dried fruits, such as apricots and raisins, are high in potassium. However, the question asks what the nurse *should* include, and while dried fruits are beneficial, fresh fruits like oranges and bananas are often more readily available and consumed in larger quantities.
Choice D rationale
Cow's milk contains potassium but is not specifically emphasized for clients on potassium-wasting diuretics. Other food sources like fruits and vegetables generally provide a more direct and often higher concentration of potassium without the added phosphorus and calcium found in milk, which may be considerations for some individuals.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Regulating nerve cell transmission is primarily a function of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium, as well as neurotransmitters. While fats are components of nerve cell membranes, they do not directly regulate the transmission of nerve impulses.
Choice B rationale
Converting to sugar (glucose) to provide energy is the primary function of carbohydrates. While fats can be metabolized for energy, they are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, not directly into glucose. Gluconeogenesis can convert glycerol to glucose, but this is a secondary energy pathway.
Choice C rationale
Fats are crucial for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). These vitamins are lipophilic, meaning they dissolve in fats. Dietary fat is necessary in the small intestine to emulsify these vitamins, allowing them to be absorbed across the intestinal lining into the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale
Building and repairing tissue is the primary function of proteins, which are composed of amino acids. While fats are components of cell membranes and contribute to overall cell structure, they do not play the main role in tissue synthesis and repair.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While a sudden and significant asymmetry in breast size or shape could indicate a new issue such as inflammation or a growth and warrants investigation, a slight, long-standing asymmetry is quite common among women. It does not automatically signify a pathological condition.
Choice B rationale
It is a well-established fact that many women have some degree of natural asymmetry in their breast size and shape. However, it is crucial for the nurse to ascertain if this finding is new for the patient. A recent change in asymmetry could be a sign of a developing condition that requires further evaluation.
Choice C rationale
While any new or significant asymmetry should be evaluated by a physician to rule out underlying issues, a long-standing, slight asymmetry is a common physiological variation and does not necessarily require immediate referral unless other concerning signs or symptoms are present.
Choice D rationale
Breastfeeding can sometimes cause temporary changes in breast size due to milk production and engorgement, and one breast might produce slightly more milk than the other. However, a noticeable and persistent asymmetry might predate breastfeeding or persist beyond it, and while it might be benign, attributing it solely to breastfeeding without further assessment of its history is not prudent. .
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