A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who started a weight loss program 3 months ago. Which of the following findings is an indication that the program has been effective?
Increased cholesterol
Increased glycosylated hemoglobin
Increased LDL
Increased HDL
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Increased cholesterol is not an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. The nurse should expect the client's cholesterol level to decrease as a result of the weight loss program, as it can lower the production and absorption of cholesterol in the body.
Choice B reason: Increased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is not an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is a measure of the average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. The nurse should expect the client's HbA1c level to decrease as a result of the weight loss program, as it can improve the insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism of the body.
Choice C reason: Increased LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is not an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is the "bad" cholesterol that can accumulate in the arteries and cause atherosclerosis. The nurse should expect the client's LDL level to decrease as a result of the weight loss program, as it can reduce the synthesis and secretion of LDL in the liver.
Choice D reason: Increased HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is an indication that the weight loss program has been effective, as it is the "good" cholesterol that can remove excess cholesterol from the blood and transport it to the liver for excretion. The nurse should expect the client's HDL level to increase as a result of the weight loss program, as it can enhance the activity and expression of HDL in the body.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice D reason:A metallic taste in the mouth is not a recognized symptom of hyperglycemia. It may occur in other conditions, such as certain medication side effects, infections, or metabolic disorders, but it is not specific to diabetes or high blood glucose levels. Including this as a sign of hyperglycemia could lead to confusion or misinterpretation of symptoms.
Choice A reason: Anxiety is not a specific symptom of hyperglycemia, although it can be associated with stress or other psychological factors that can affect blood sugar levels. Anxiety can also be a symptom of hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, which requires immediate treatment.
Choice B reason: Hyperventilation, characterized by deep and rapid breathing, is a critical manifestation of severe hyperglycemia, particularly in cases ofdiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). When blood glucose levels are extremely high, the body may produce ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis. To compensate, the client may developKussmaul respirations, a type of hyperventilation aimed at expelling excess carbon dioxide. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention. Teaching the client to recognize hyperventilation as a sign of severe hyperglycemia is essential for timely treatment and prevention of complications.
Choice C reason: Cool skin is not a symptom of hyperglycemia, but rather a sign of poor circulation, which can be a complication of diabetes. Diabetes can damage the blood vessels and nerves that supply blood and oxygen to the skin, especially in the feet and legs. This can lead to skin problems, infections, and ulcers.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Administering the feeding by gravity drip is not an appropriate action for a client who has a small-bore jejunostomy tube and is receiving a high-viscosity formula. Gravity drip can cause overfeeding, aspiration, and abdominal distension. The nurse should use an infusion pump to regulate the flow rate and volume of the feeding.
Choice B reason: Flushing the tubing with 10 mL water every 6 hr is an appropriate action for a client who has a small-bore jejunostomy tube and is receiving a high-viscosity formula. Flushing the tubing prevents clogging, maintains patency, and hydrates the client. The nurse should also flush the tubing before and after medication administration, and whenever the feeding is interrupted or discontinued.
Choice C reason: Replacing the bag and tubing every 24 hr is not an appropriate action for a client who has a small-bore jejunostomy tube and is receiving a high-viscosity formula. Replacing the bag and tubing every 24 hr does not prevent clogging, and may increase the risk of infection and contamination. The nurse should replace the bag and tubing every 48 hr, or as per facility policy.
Choice D reason: Heating the formula prior to infusion is not an appropriate action for a client who has a small-bore jejunostomy tube and is receiving a high-viscosity formula. Heating the formula can alter its composition, reduce its nutritional value, and increase the risk of bacterial growth. The nurse should use room-temperature formula and store it in a refrigerator when not in use.
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