A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse would expect which of the following findings?

Choice A: Furosemide (Lasix) is incorrect because it is a diuretic that increases urine output and potassium excretion. However, this medication is not effective for patients with chronic renal failure who have oliguria or anuria.

Furosemide can also cause hypokalemia, which is a low potassium level.

Choice B: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is correct because it is a cation exchange resin that binds to potassium in the gastrointestinal tract and removes it from the body through feces. This medication can lower the serum potassium level and prevent hyperkalemia, which is a high potassium level.

Choice C: Dextrose 10% is correct because it is a hypertonic solution that raises the blood glucose level and stimulates the release of insulin. Insulin helps to move potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells, thus lowering the serum potassium level.

Choice D: Sodium bicarbonate is correct because it is an alkalizing agent that corrects metabolic acidosis, which is a common complication of chronic renal failure. Metabolic acidosis can cause potassium to shift from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid, thus raising the serum potassium level. Sodium bicarbonate can reverse this effect and lower the serum potassium level.

Choice E: Insulin is correct because it also helps to move potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells, thus lowering the serum potassium level. Insulin can be given intravenously with dextrose 10% to prevent hypoglycemia, which is a low blood glucose level.

The correct answer is a) PaCO2 50 mm Hg. This is because respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the blood, resulting in a high level of PaCO2. The normal range of PaCO2 is 35 to 45 mm Hg.

Choice b) HCO3 30 mEq/L is incorrect because this is a normal value for bicarbonate, which is a buffer that helps maintain the acid-base balance in the blood. The normal range of HCO3 is 22 to 26 mEq/L.

Choice c) pH 7.45 is incorrect because this is a normal value for the acidity or alkalinity of the blood. The normal range of pH is 7.35 to 7.45. Respiratory acidosis causes a low pH, indicating acidemia.

Choice d) Potassium 3.3 mEq/L is incorrect because this is a low value for potassium, which is an electrolyte that helps regulate nerve and muscle function, fluid balance, and blood pressure. The normal range of potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Respiratory acidosis can cause hyperkalemia, or high potassium levels, due to the shift of hydrogen ions into cells and potassium out of cells.