A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of four clients. Which of the following values indicates to the nurse that a client has iron-deficiency anemia?

A client whose hematocrit is 42%.

A client whose RBC count is 5.2 million/mm3.

A client whose ferritin level is 8 ng/mL.

A client whose hemoglobin is 15 g/dL.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:
A client whose hematocrit is 42% (Choice A) falls within the normal range for hematocrit values, which is typically around 37-52% for adult women and 40-54% for adult men. While low hematocrit values can indicate anemia, a value of 42% is not indicative of iron-deficiency anemia on its own.
Choice B rationale:
A client whose RBC count is 5.2 million/mm3 (Choice B) is within the normal range for red blood cell counts, which is roughly 4.5-5.5 million/mm3 for adult women and 4.5-6.1 million/mm3 for adult men. Although low RBC counts can be associated with anemia, the value provided is not suggestive of iron-deficiency anemia without further context.
Choice C rationale:
A client whose ferritin level is 8 ng/mL (Choice C) is the correct choice. Ferritin is a protein that stores iron, and low levels of ferritin are a strong indicator of iron-deficiency anemia. Ferritin levels less than 12 ng/mL are often considered indicative of depleted iron stores.
Choice D rationale:
A client whose hemoglobin is 15 g/dL (Choice D) falls within the normal range for hemoglobin values, which is typically around 12-15.5 g/dL for adult women and 13.5-17.5 g/dL for adult men. While low hemoglobin can suggest anemia, a value of 15 g/dL is not indicative of iron-deficiency anemia on its own.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: 1 cup of milk contains about 100 mg of sodium. This is a moderate amount of sodium, but it is not the highest compared to the other options.

Choice B rationale: 4 oz of vanilla pudding contains about 153 mg of sodium. This is higher than the sodium content in 1 cup of milk, but we need to compare it with the other options.

Choice C rationale: 1/2 cup of yogurt contains about 86 mg of sodium. This is less than the sodium content in both 1 cup of milk and 4 oz of vanilla pudding.

Choice D rationale: 2 oz of processed cheese can contain around 375 mg of sodium. This is significantly higher than the sodium content in 1 cup of milk, 4 oz of vanilla pudding, and 1/2 cup of yogurt.

So, the correct answer is, after analyzing all choices, D. 2 oz of processed cheese has the highest sodium content.

A. "Dilute formula with 1 tablespoon of water." B. "Place the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting." C. "Provide a small feeding just before bedtime." D. "Position the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
Diluting formula with water is not a recommended practice. Formula should be prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions to provide the appropriate balance of nutrients for the newborn. Diluting formula can lead to inadequate nutrition and potential health risks.
Choice B rationale:
Placing the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting is not advised. Gastroesophageal reflux refers to the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Placing the newborn in a side-lying position can increase the risk of choking if vomiting occurs. Keeping the baby upright for some time after feeding helps reduce reflux episodes.
Choice C rationale:
Providing a small feeding just before bedtime can exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux. It's recommended to avoid feeding the baby right before bedtime to prevent reflux-related discomfort during sleep. Elevating the head of the crib slightly can also help minimize reflux symptoms.
Choice D rationale:
Positioning the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding is a suitable instruction. This position helps prevent or reduce gastroesophageal reflux by allowing gravity to assist in keeping stomach contents down. It's important to hold the baby in an upright position for about 20 to 30 minutes after feeding to facilitate digestion and minimize reflux episodes.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of four clients. Which of the following values indicates to the nurse that a client has iron-deficiency anemia?

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