A nurse is teaching a client about the seven warning signs of cancer. Which of the following signs should the nurse include as manifestations of cancer? (Select all that apply.)
Nagging cough
Nonhealing sore
Change in moles
Bloating
Change in bowel pattern
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A reason : A nagging cough can be a warning sign of cancer, particularly lung cancer. If a cough persists for weeks or longer, especially if it's accompanied by blood or sputum, it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. Persistent coughing can also be symptomatic of laryngeal or thyroid cancer¹.
Choice B reason : A nonhealing sore that persists for more than a few weeks can be a sign of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. It's also a common sign of oral cancer, especially in individuals who use tobacco or consume excessive alcohol¹.
Choice C reason : A change in moles or other skin lesions can be an early indication of skin cancer. The ABCDE rule is a guide to the usual signs of melanoma, looking for Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color changes, Diameter greater than 6mm, and Evolving size, shape or color².
Choice D reason : While bloating can be caused by many benign conditions, persistent bloating that doesn't go away can be a sign of ovarian or other types of abdominal cancers. It's important to consider this symptom in conjunction with other signs and symptoms¹.
Choice E reason : A change in bowel pattern, such as persistent diarrhea or constipation, can indicate colorectal cancer. Any significant changes in bowel habits that do not resolve over time warrant medical evaluation¹.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason : While propranolol can be used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches, it is not contraindicated in patients with a history of migraines⁴.
Choice B reason : Propranolol is often prescribed for hypertension and is not contraindicated in such cases. It works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure⁴.
Choice C reason : Propranolol is contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma. As a non-selective beta-blocker, it can cause bronchoconstriction and exacerbate asthma symptoms. Therefore, the nurse should report this finding to the provider⁴⁶.
Choice D reason : Hypothyroidism is not a contraindication for propranolol. However, the medication may mask signs of hypothyroidism, such as a slow heart rate, so the provider should be aware of the client's thyroid condition⁴.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason : White beans do not have a significant interaction with warfarin. They are a good source of protein and fiber and can be included in the diet unless otherwise contraindicated.
Choice B reason : Cantaloupe does not interact significantly with warfarin and can be consumed as part of a balanced diet. It is rich in vitamins and hydration.
Choice C reason : Cabbage contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the effectiveness of warfarin. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, and warfarin works by inhibiting the effects of this vitamin. Therefore, patients on warfarin are advised to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K and avoid sudden increases in foods high in this nutrient.
Choice D reason : Green beans have a moderate amount of vitamin K but are not typically restricted for patients on warfarin. It is important for patients to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K; thus, they should not make significant changes to their diet without consulting their healthcare provider.
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