A nurse is teaching a client how to use an incentive spirometer. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
Inhale through the incentive spirometer 10 times with each use
Sit at a 30-degree angle when using the incentive spirometer
Hold your breath for 7 seconds when using the incentive spirometer
Use the incentive spirometer once every 4 hours
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Inhaling through the incentive spirometer 10 times per use is a general guideline, but the emphasis is on slow, deep inhalations, not a specific number of repetitions. The goal is to expand alveoli and prevent atelectasis, but the exact number varies by protocol. Holding the breath is more critical than the number of inhalations.
Choice B reason: Sitting at a 30-degree angle is incorrect, as clients should be upright (60-90 degrees) during incentive spirometry to maximize lung expansion. A semi-upright or supine position limits diaphragmatic movement and lung capacity, reducing the device’s effectiveness in improving ventilation and preventing postoperative pulmonary complications.
Choice C reason: Holding the breath for 5-7 seconds after inhaling through the incentive spirometer sustains alveolar expansion, promoting gas exchange and preventing atelectasis. This technique maximizes lung volume and strengthens respiratory muscles, critical for postoperative or immobile clients, making it a key instruction for effective spirometer use.
Choice D reason: Using the incentive spirometer once every 4 hours is insufficient. Standard protocols recommend use every 1-2 hours while awake, typically 10 breaths per session, to maintain lung expansion and prevent complications like pneumonia. Less frequent use reduces efficacy, making this an incorrect instruction for optimal respiratory health.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Atorvastatin, a statin, inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis in the liver. It can elevate liver enzymes (ALT, AST), indicating hepatotoxicity. Baseline liver function tests are essential to assess hepatic health before starting therapy, ensuring no pre-existing liver damage and monitoring for drug-induced liver injury during treatment.
Choice B reason: Thyroid function tests assess thyroid hormone levels, relevant for conditions like hypothyroidism, which can elevate lipids. Atorvastatin does not directly affect thyroid function or metabolism, so these tests are not routinely required before starting therapy unless thyroid disease is suspected as a contributor to hyperlipidemia.
Choice C reason: Renal function tests monitor kidney health, critical for drugs cleared renally. Atorvastatin is primarily metabolized by the liver via cytochrome P450 3A4, not excreted by kidneys. While statins may rarely cause rhabdomyolysis affecting kidneys, baseline renal tests are not mandatory unless renal disease is suspected.
Choice D reason: Blood glucose tests are relevant for diabetes management. Atorvastatin may slightly increase glucose levels, but this is a minor, long-term effect. Baseline glucose testing is not required unless diabetes is suspected. Liver function is the primary concern due to the drug’s hepatic metabolism and potential hepatotoxicity.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diet is modifiable, as reducing saturated fats and increasing fiber lowers cholesterol and improves cardiovascular health. Nutrient-rich diets enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and support metabolic homeostasis, decreasing risks for obesity, diabetes, and heart disease through direct dietary interventions.
Choice B reason: Weight is modifiable through diet and exercise, reducing risks for obesity-related diseases like diabetes and hypertension. Excess adipose tissue increases inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-alpha), promoting insulin resistance. Weight loss restores metabolic balance, improving lipid profiles and cardiovascular function, enhancing overall health.
Choice C reason: Family history is non-modifiable, as genetic predispositions (e.g., BRCA mutations, APOE gene) influence disease risk through inherited DNA. While lifestyle mitigates some genetic effects, family history itself cannot be altered, impacting cellular pathways like lipid metabolism or tumor suppression, increasing disease susceptibility.
Choice D reason: Sedentary lifestyle is modifiable, as increasing physical activity improves cardiovascular fitness, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Exercise enhances endothelial function and reduces inflammatory markers, lowering risks for heart disease and diabetes. Regular movement stimulates muscle metabolism and circulation, counteracting the negative effects of inactivity.
Choice E reason: Alcohol consumption is modifiable, as reducing intake lowers risks for liver disease, hypertension, and cancer. Excessive alcohol disrupts hepatic metabolism, increases oxidative stress, and damages DNA, promoting disease. Moderation or abstinence improves liver function, cardiovascular health, and reduces carcinogenic risks, enhancing overall health.
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