A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about infection prevention. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid contact with which of the following items?

Soiled cat litter

Scrambled eggs

Pasteurized milk

Electric razor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Soiled cat litter:
Soiled cat litter can contain Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that can cause severe infections in individuals with HIV or other immunocompromised conditions. The parasite can lead to opportunistic infections, including encephalitis. Therefore, it is crucial for clients with HIV to avoid handling soiled cat litter to prevent potential infection.

B) Scrambled eggs:
Scrambled eggs, when cooked properly, are generally safe for individuals with HIV. They do not pose a high risk of infection if handled and prepared with good hygiene practices. However, it is important to ensure that eggs are fully cooked to avoid risks related to other pathogens like Salmonella.

C) Pasteurized milk:
Pasteurized milk is safe for individuals with HIV. Pasteurization kills harmful bacteria and pathogens, making it a lower-risk option for those with compromised immune systems. It is recommended to avoid unpasteurized milk, which can pose a risk of infection.

D) Electric razor:
An electric razor is generally safe and does not pose an infection risk. It is preferable over manual razors for individuals with HIV as it reduces the risk of cuts and abrasions that could lead to infections.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) 2 tbsp peanut butter:
Peanut butter is relatively high in potassium, with approximately 200 mg per 2 tablespoons. This can contribute significantly to potassium intake and is not the best choice for someone needing to limit potassium.

B) 1 cup white rice:
White rice contains a relatively low amount of potassium compared to other foods, making it a suitable choice for someone with chronic kidney disease who needs to manage potassium levels. A cup of white rice has about 30 mg of potassium.

C) 1/2 cup nonfat yogurt:
Nonfat yogurt contains a moderate amount of potassium, approximately 350 mg per half-cup serving. This amount is significant and can contribute to elevated potassium levels if consumed frequently.

D) 1 medium baked potato with skin:
A medium baked potato with skin is very high in potassium, containing approximately 925 mg. This makes it unsuitable for clients who need to limit potassium intake, as it can easily exceed dietary limits.

A. Leukocytosis B. Cough C. Hypokalemia D. Bradycardia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Leukocytosis:
Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, is not commonly associated with leukocytosis (an increase in white blood cells). This finding is more typical of infections or inflammatory conditions rather than a side effect of lisinopril.

B) Cough:
A persistent dry cough is a well-known adverse effect of lisinopril and other ACE inhibitors. This occurs due to the accumulation of bradykinin and substance P in the respiratory tract. Patients often report this side effect, and it may require switching to a different class of antihypertensive medication.

C) Hypokalemia:
Lisinopril usually does not cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels). In fact, ACE inhibitors can lead to hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to reduced aldosterone production, which normally promotes potassium excretion.

D) Bradycardia:
Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a typical adverse effect of lisinopril. This medication primarily affects blood pressure through vasodilation and reduction of fluid volume rather than directly influencing heart rate.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about infection prevention. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid contact with which of the following items?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching about food choices to a client who has chronic kidney disease and must limit potassium intake. Which of the following choices should the nurse recommend as containing the least potassium?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse in a provider's office is evaluating a client who has been taking lisinopril for hypertension. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an adverse effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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