A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about infection prevention. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid contact with which of the following items?

Soiled cat litter

Scrambled eggs

Pasteurized milk

Electric razor

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Soiled cat litter:
Soiled cat litter can contain Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that can cause severe infections in individuals with HIV or other immunocompromised conditions. The parasite can lead to opportunistic infections, including encephalitis. Therefore, it is crucial for clients with HIV to avoid handling soiled cat litter to prevent potential infection.

B) Scrambled eggs:
Scrambled eggs, when cooked properly, are generally safe for individuals with HIV. They do not pose a high risk of infection if handled and prepared with good hygiene practices. However, it is important to ensure that eggs are fully cooked to avoid risks related to other pathogens like Salmonella.

C) Pasteurized milk:
Pasteurized milk is safe for individuals with HIV. Pasteurization kills harmful bacteria and pathogens, making it a lower-risk option for those with compromised immune systems. It is recommended to avoid unpasteurized milk, which can pose a risk of infection.

D) Electric razor:
An electric razor is generally safe and does not pose an infection risk. It is preferable over manual razors for individuals with HIV as it reduces the risk of cuts and abrasions that could lead to infections.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Wear your dentures only during meals."
Wearing dentures only during meals can help reduce irritation to the mucous membranes, but it may not address the overall management of mucositis. It’s important to focus on maintaining oral hygiene and minimizing trauma to sensitive tissues.
B. "Rinse your mouth with hydrogen peroxide."
Hydrogen peroxide can be irritating to oral tissues and may exacerbate mucositis. It’s typically better to use a saline or bicarbonate mouthwash, which is gentler and helps soothe the mouth without causing further irritation.
C. "Floss your teeth gently following each meal."
Gently flossing helps remove food particles and plaque, reducing the risk of infection. It is important to perform this carefully to avoid damaging the already sensitive and inflamed mucosa, promoting oral health while managing mucositis.
D. "Brush your teeth for 60 seconds twice daily."
Brushing is essential, but it should be done gently with a soft-bristled brush. Brushing for a specific duration is less important than ensuring it is done carefully to prevent further irritation or injury to the mouth.

A. Place the client on a low-carbohydrate diet. B. Monitor the client's calorie intake daily. C. Place the client on strict bed rest. D. Weigh the client once per week.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Place the client on a low-carbohydrate diet:
A low-carbohydrate diet is not appropriate for a client with full-thickness burns, as their nutritional needs are significantly increased due to the high metabolic demands of wound healing. A high-calorie, high-protein diet is usually recommended to support recovery and manage the increased energy expenditure associated with burn injuries.

B) Monitor the client's calorie intake daily:
Daily monitoring of calorie intake is crucial for clients with significant burn injuries. Burns increase metabolic demands, and the client’s nutritional needs must be closely tracked to ensure adequate caloric and protein intake, which is essential for wound healing and overall recovery. Regular monitoring helps adjust dietary needs as required.

C) Place the client on strict bed rest:
Strict bed rest is not indicated for clients with burns, as mobility and physical therapy are important for maintaining muscle strength and preventing complications like contractures. While rest is important, a balanced approach involving gradual mobilization is preferred to support functional recovery.

D) Weigh the client once per week:
Weekly weighing may not be frequent enough for clients with burn injuries, as their weight can fluctuate significantly due to changes in fluid status and nutritional needs. More frequent monitoring is necessary to ensure that the client is receiving adequate nutrition and to assess their overall progress.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has HIV about infection prevention. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid contact with which of the following items?

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