A nurse is teaching a female client about alcohol intake and how it affects hypertension.
The client asks if drinking two beers a night is an acceptable intake.What answer by the nurse is best?
"No, women should only have one beer a day as a general rule.”.
"No, you should not drink any alcohol with hypertension.”.
"Yes, since you are larger, you can have more alcohol.”.
"Yes, two beers per day is an acceptable amount of alcohol.”. ---
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The recommendation for alcohol consumption is based on sex-specific metabolism and risk profiles. The liver metabolizes alcohol via alcohol dehydrogenase. Women generally have lower levels of this enzyme, leading to a higher blood alcohol concentration from the same amount of alcohol compared to men. This increased exposure elevates the risk of alcohol-related health issues, including a heightened risk for hypertension, hence the recommendation of one drink per day.
Choice B rationale
While abstaining from alcohol is often the safest choice for individuals with hypertension, a complete prohibition is not universally mandated for all clients. Current guidelines acknowledge that moderate consumption, defined as one drink per day for women, may not significantly worsen hypertension in some individuals. However, exceeding this amount can cause a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure.
Choice C rationale
This statement is scientifically inaccurate and potentially dangerous. The client's size is not the sole determinant of alcohol tolerance. Female physiology, including lower body water content and different metabolic enzyme levels, contributes to a higher blood alcohol concentration. Therefore, a larger body size does not automatically confer a greater capacity to metabolize alcohol or negate its hypertensive effects.
Choice D rationale
This statement is incorrect and contradicts established health guidelines. The recommended limit for female alcohol consumption is one drink per day, which equates to one 12-ounce beer. Consuming two beers per night exceeds this recommended limit, increasing the risk of developing or worsening hypertension and other cardiovascular complications due to the direct vasoconstrictive effects of alcohol.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["4.4"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to convert the child's weight from pounds to kilograms: 72.6 lb ÷ 2.2 lb/kg = 33 kg.
Step 2 is to calculate the low-range total daily dosage in milligrams: 20 mg/kg × 33 kg = 660 mg/day.
Step 3 is to calculate the dosage per dose: 660 mg ÷ 3 doses = 220 mg per dose.
Step 4 is to calculate the volume per dose in mL: 220 mg ÷ 50 mg/mL = 4.4 mL. The final calculated dosage for this child is 4.4 mL.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While children with eczema may have a weakened skin barrier, which can increase the risk of certain infections, there is no direct scientific link that statistically increases the risk of pneumonia specifically. Pneumonia is primarily a respiratory infection, whereas eczema is a dermatological condition.
Choice B rationale
Acne is a condition caused by the overproduction of sebum and clogged hair follicles, which typically occurs during puberty. There is no direct causal relationship or increased risk of developing acne in children with infantile eczema, which is an inflammatory skin condition.
Choice C rationale
Sun sensitivity is not an increased risk directly associated with infantile eczema. Eczema affects the skin's barrier function and immune response, but it does not inherently increase the skin's susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. Some topical treatments, however, may cause photosensitivity.
Choice D rationale
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is part of a triad of allergic conditions known as the "atopic march.”. This progression often starts with eczema in infancy, followed by food allergies, and later progresses to allergic rhinitis and asthma. This is due to a shared genetic predisposition and a hyper-responsive immune system.
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