A nurse is teaching about growth and development to a parent of a 12-year-old child.

The nurse should instruct the parent to expect the child to exhibit which of the following characteristics during early adolescence.

Choice A rationale

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial disease. Health care providers are required to report cases of pertussis to the local health department to help track and control the spread of the disease.

Choice B rationale

Placing the child in a protected environment for 48 hours is not a standard action for a child with pertussis. The child will need to be isolated until they have completed a full course of antibiotics to prevent spreading the infection.

Choice C rationale

Administering the pertussis vaccine is not typically done when a child is already infected. The vaccine is used for prevention, not treatment.

Choice D rationale

Restricting oral fluids to 500 mL per day is not a standard action for a child with pertussis. Adequate hydration is important for children with respiratory infections.

Choice A rationale

Meperidine is not the first choice for pain management in sickle cell crisis due to its potential to cause seizures and other side effects.

Choice B rationale

Bed rest is recommended during a sickle cell crisis to decrease the body’s demand for oxygen, reduce the workload of the heart, and improve blood flow.

Choice C rationale

Limiting fluid intake is not recommended during a sickle cell crisis. Adequate hydration is important to prevent further sickling of cells and to maintain kidney function.

Choice D rationale

Cold compresses can cause vasoconstriction and may exacerbate the crisis. Warm compresses are usually recommended to increase blood flow and reduce pain.