A nurse of a community clinic is preparing an educational guide about cultural variances in expression of pain. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Choice A reason: Conducting counseling for at-risk parents is not a primary prevention strategy, as it is a secondary prevention strategy. Secondary prevention aims to stop violence from recurring after it happens, by identifying and intervening with those who are at risk of being victims or perpetrators of violence. Counseling for at-risk parents may help them cope with stress, resolve conflicts, and improve their relationships, but it does not prevent violence from happening in the first place.

Choice B reason: Assessing a family for marital discord is not a primary prevention strategy, as it is a secondary prevention strategy. Secondary prevention aims to stop violence from recurring after it happens, by identifying and intervening with those who are at risk of being victims or perpetrators of violence. Assessing a family for marital discord may help the nurse detect signs of abuse, neglect, or violence, and refer the family to appropriate services, but it does not prevent violence from happening in the first place.

Choice C reason: Teaching parenting techniques to new parents is a primary prevention strategy, as it aims to prevent violence from ever happening in the first place. Primary prevention works by addressing the underlying causes of violence, such as gender inequality, social norms, and power imbalances, and promoting positive attitudes and behaviors across the whole population. Teaching parenting techniques to new parents may help them develop skills, knowledge, and confidence to raise their children in a healthy, safe, and supportive environment, and prevent child abuse and neglect.

Choice D reason: Providing treatment for a young adult who has a substance use disorder is not a primary prevention strategy, as it is a tertiary prevention strategy. Tertiary prevention aims to respond to the long-term impacts of violence, by providing care and support to those who have experienced or perpetrated violence, and reducing the consequences and recurrence of violence. Providing treatment for a young adult who has a substance use disorder may help them recover from their addiction, improve their mental and physical health, and reduce their involvement in violence, but it does not prevent violence from happening in the first place.

Choice A reason: Asking the client if they have been thinking about harming themselves is not the best response, as it may sound accusatory or judgmental. It may also make the client defensive or reluctant to share their feelings. The nurse should assess the client's suicide risk later, after establishing rapport and trust.

Choice B reason: Asking the client how long they have been feeling this way is not the most appropriate response, as it may imply that the nurse is more interested in the duration of the problem than the client's current situation. It may also suggest that the nurse expects the client to have a clear timeline of their feelings, which may not be the case.

Choice C reason: Telling the client to share what is going on with them right now is the best response, as it shows empathy and genuine interest in the client's perspective. It also invites the client to express their thoughts and emotions, and helps the nurse identify the factors that contribute to the client's sense of meaninglessness.

Choice D reason: Asking the client if they really think their life has no purpose is not a helpful response, as it may sound dismissive or sarcastic. It may also make the client feel invalidated or misunderstood, and reinforce their negative beliefs. The nurse should avoid challenging the client's statements, and instead explore the reasons behind them.