A nurse on a pediatric unit is caring for four children. The nurse should use droplet precautions for which of the following children?
A preschool-age child who has pediculosis capitis
A school-age child who has viral conjunctivitis
A toddler who has seasonal influenza
An adolescent who has hepatitis A
The Correct Answer is C
A. Pediculosis capitis (head lice) does not require droplet precautions.
B. Viral conjunctivitis (pink eye) is typically spread through direct contact or contact with contaminated surfaces, not droplets.
C. Seasonal influenza is a respiratory illness that can spread through droplets when the infected person coughs or sneezes, necessitating droplet precautions.
D. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route and does not require droplet precautions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Visual acuity should be assessed for each eye separately first, then both eyes together to detect any differences between the eyes.
B. The nurse should position the child 3 meters (10 feet) from the chart and ask the child to point in the direction of the open end of each letter.
C. If the child wears glasses, they should be tested with and without their glasses to assess visual acuity accurately.
D. A tumbling E chart, where the child identifies the direction of the E (up, down, left, or right), is commonly used for assessing visual acuity in young children who may not yet know letters.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Inhalation of gasoline is more likely to cause hyperthermia due to its effects on the central nervous system and metabolic rate.
B) Hyperactive reflexes are not typically associated with gasoline inhalation but rather with stimulant use such as amphetamines or cocaine.
C) Ataxia, or lack of coordination, is a common neurological symptom of gasoline inhalation due to its toxic effects on the brain and nervous system.
D) Pinpoint pupils are more commonly associated with opioid overdose, not gasoline inhalation.
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