A nurse on a pediatric unit is caring for four children. The nurse should use droplet precautions for which of the following children?
A preschool-age child who has pediculosis capitis
A school-age child who has viral conjunctivitis
A toddler who has seasonal influenza
An adolescent who has hepatitis A
The Correct Answer is C
A. Pediculosis capitis (head lice) does not require droplet precautions.
B. Viral conjunctivitis (pink eye) is typically spread through direct contact or contact with contaminated surfaces, not droplets.
C. Seasonal influenza is a respiratory illness that can spread through droplets when the infected person coughs or sneezes, necessitating droplet precautions.
D. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route and does not require droplet precautions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Visual acuity should be assessed for each eye separately first, then both eyes together to detect any differences between the eyes.
B. The nurse should position the child 3 meters (10 feet) from the chart and ask the child to point in the direction of the open end of each letter.
C. If the child wears glasses, they should be tested with and without their glasses to assess visual acuity accurately.
D. A tumbling E chart, where the child identifies the direction of the E (up, down, left, or right), is commonly used for assessing visual acuity in young children who may not yet know letters.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Setting the water heater to 60°C (140°F) increases the risk of scalding burns, so it is not a recommended safety measure.
B. Toddlers are curious and may try to pull or chew on electrical wires, which can cause electrocution or fire hazards. The nurse should advise parents to keep electrical wires out of reach or secured with cord covers or tape.
C. Encouraging outdoor activities between 1100 and 1300 exposes toddlers to excessive sun exposure and heat, which can cause sunburns or heatstroke. The nurse should recommend avoiding outdoor activities during peak sun hours and applying sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors.
D. Turning pot handles toward the front of the stove is a dangerous practice that can cause toddlers to reach for them and spill hot liquids or food on themselves. The nurse should instruct parents to turn pot handles toward the back of the stove or use rear burners when possible.
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