A nurse sustained a needlestick injury from a patient whose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was unknow. The nursing supervisor is notified, an incident report is generated, and a post-HIV exposure prophylaxis checklist is started for this nurse. Which implementation will be the first to perform?

A. Avoid using tobacco products: Tobacco use, including smoking and chewing tobacco, is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis. Chemicals in tobacco smoke damage blood vessels, promote inflammation, and contribute to the development of plaque buildup in the arteries. Therefore, avoiding tobacco products is crucial for preventing atherosclerosis and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

B. Maintain normal body weight: Obesity and excess body weight are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity helps reduce the strain on the heart and blood vessels, lowers cholesterol levels, and improves overall cardiovascular health. Therefore, promoting weight management as part of atherosclerosis prevention is essential.

C. Control blood pressure: High blood pressure (hypertension) is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and its complications, such as heart attack and stroke. Elevated blood pressure damages the inner lining of blood vessels, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup and narrowing. By controlling blood pressure through lifestyle modifications (such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management) and medications when necessary, individuals can reduce their risk of developing atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular events.

D. Avoid eating foods high in fiber: This statement is incorrect. Dietary fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Fiber helps lower cholesterol levels, improve blood sugar control, and promote bowel regularity, all of which contribute to reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, consuming foods high in fiber is actually recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet and atherosclerosis prevention strategy.

A. Apply a heating pad to the lower extremities for pain: Heat application can increase vasodilation and worsen symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Therefore, it is not recommended as a pain management strategy for PAD.

B. Always wear soft shoes or slippers when out of bed: This instruction is important for patients with PAD to protect their feet from injury and provide adequate support. Soft shoes or slippers help prevent trauma and pressure ulcers, which are common complications in patients with reduced peripheral circulation.

C. Wear knee-high tight socks: Tight socks can restrict blood flow and exacerbate symptoms in patients with PAD. It is important to encourage patients to wear loose-fitting socks to promote adequate circulation.

D. Put cream or lotion between the toes: Moisture between the toes can increase the risk of fungal infections, which can be particularly problematic in patients with compromised circulation. It is important to keep the feet clean and dry and avoid applying cream or lotion between the toes.