A nursing instructor is teaching about complementary therapies. Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred?

Choice A reason: Restlessness is not a common side effect of St. John’s wort. While mood changes can occur, this herbal remedy is more associated with photosensitivity than agitation.

Choice B reason: Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth, is unrelated to St. John’s wort use. This side effect is more commonly linked to hormonal imbalances or certain medications, not herbal antidepressants.

Choice C reason: Photosensitivity is a well-documented adverse effect of St. John’s wort. The herb increases sensitivity to sunlight, leading to skin reactions such as rashes or burns. Clients taking this remedy should be advised to use sun protection and avoid prolonged sun exposure.

Choice D reason: Insomnia can occur with some antidepressants, but it is not a primary side effect of St. John’s wort. The herb’s most notable adverse effect is its impact on skin sensitivity to light.

Choice A reason: Antisocial traits involve behaviors such as disregard for others’ rights, deceitfulness, or aggression. Getting a tattoo in response to peer pressure does not necessarily indicate antisocial personality traits. It is more reflective of identity formation and family dynamics rather than pathology.

Choice B reason: Cutting self-off emotionally refers to distancing oneself completely from family relationships, often by avoiding contact or severing ties. The teenager’s action does not demonstrate emotional cutoff but rather an attempt to assert individuality while still remaining connected to the family system.

Choice C reason: Differentiation of self is a central concept in Bowen’s theory. It refers to the ability to establish one’s own identity and beliefs while remaining emotionally connected to the family. The teenager’s tattoo represents an effort to assert independence and individuality, even in defiance of parental wishes, which aligns with differentiation.

Choice D reason: Triangulation occurs when a third party is drawn into a conflict between two individuals to reduce tension. The teenager’s tattoo decision does not involve pulling another person into the parental-child conflict, so triangulation is not applicable.