A patient at a sports camp is complaining of itchy and watery eyes, coughing, and sneezing when outdoors. The patient's chart states that he has an allergy to grasses. Which medication will the nurse administer?

Antihistamine

Antitussive

Decongestant

Expectorant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Antihistamine: Antihistamines are the first-line treatment for allergic reactions such as itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and coughing caused by allergens like grass pollen. They block histamine, the chemical responsible for allergic symptoms, providing effective relief in seasonal allergies.

B. Antitussive: Antitussives suppress coughing and are used for dry, nonproductive coughs. They do not address the underlying allergic reaction or associated symptoms like sneezing and itchy eyes, making them inappropriate for this case.

C. Decongestant: Decongestants relieve nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. While they may help with stuffiness, they do not treat the histamine-mediated symptoms such as watery eyes or sneezing effectively.

D. Expectorant: Expectorants thin mucus to help with productive coughs. They are not helpful in treating allergic reactions and will not relieve the patient's symptoms caused by grass allergy exposure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Physical therapy for homebound therapy services:Physical therapy is not routinely indicated in TB management unless the patient has specific mobility deficits. TB treatment focuses more on medication adherence and infection control rather than physical rehabilitation.

B. Occupational therapy for job retraining:There is no direct indication for job retraining in a TB patient unless the illness has caused long-term disability or affected occupational function, which is not suggested in this scenario.

C. Community social worker for Meals on Wheels:Meals on Wheels may assist with nutrition, but it is not specific to TB care. Social services do not directly ensure adherence to TB therapy, which is crucial for treatment success and public health safety.

D. Visiting Nurses for directly observed therapy:Directly observed therapy (DOT) ensures the client takes prescribed TB medications under supervision, which is essential to prevent noncompliance, reduce drug resistance, and promote cure. Visiting nurses are best positioned to provide this support during long-term outpatient TB treatment.

A. calcium gluconate B. vitamin K C. protamine sulfate D. potassium chloride

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Calcium gluconate:Calcium gluconate is used to treat conditions such as hyperkalemia or calcium channel blocker overdose. It has no role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of heparin and would not be useful in this scenario.

B. Vitamin K:Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin (Coumadin), not heparin. It promotes the synthesis of clotting factors inhibited by warfarin but does not affect the mechanism of action of heparin.

C. Protamine sulfate:Protamine sulfate binds to heparin and neutralizes its anticoagulant effect, making it the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It is used to reverse excessive anticoagulation and reduce the risk of bleeding complications.

D. Potassium chloride:Potassium chloride is used to treat or prevent hypokalemia. It has no antidotal properties for anticoagulants and would not be relevant in managing heparin toxicity.

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A patient at a sports camp is complaining of itchy and watery eyes, coughing, and sneezing when outdoors. The patient's chart states that he has an allergy to grasses. Which medication will the nurse administer?

Nursing Test Bank

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