A patient at a sports camp is complaining of itchy and watery eyes, coughing, and sneezing when outdoors. The patient's chart states that he has an allergy to grasses. Which medication will the nurse administer?

Antihistamine

Antitussive

Decongestant

Expectorant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Antihistamine: Antihistamines are the first-line treatment for allergic reactions such as itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and coughing caused by allergens like grass pollen. They block histamine, the chemical responsible for allergic symptoms, providing effective relief in seasonal allergies.

B. Antitussive: Antitussives suppress coughing and are used for dry, nonproductive coughs. They do not address the underlying allergic reaction or associated symptoms like sneezing and itchy eyes, making them inappropriate for this case.

C. Decongestant: Decongestants relieve nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. While they may help with stuffiness, they do not treat the histamine-mediated symptoms such as watery eyes or sneezing effectively.

D. Expectorant: Expectorants thin mucus to help with productive coughs. They are not helpful in treating allergic reactions and will not relieve the patient's symptoms caused by grass allergy exposure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "I will take a couple of doses of the leftover prednisone I have to decrease the swelling.Using leftover medications, without a prescription is unsafe and inappropriate. Prednisone is not the first-line treatment and does not address the bacterial cause of the illness.

B. "I should take my prescribed antibiotics three (3) times a day until I have taken them all.” Completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics is essential to fully eradicate the infection, prevent complications like rheumatic fever, and reduce antibiotic resistance.

C. "I should be better with a couple of days of rest and some ibuprofen for the pain/fever."Rest and symptom relief do not treat the bacterial infection. Relying solely on supportive care without antibiotics can lead to prolonged illness and serious complications.

D. "I guess I will have to have my tonsils removed."Tonsillectomy is not a standard treatment for a single episode of strep throat. It may be considered only after recurrent infections or other complications, making this an inaccurate understanding of initial treatment.

A. drive to breathe may be dependent on low levels of oxygen in the blood B. respiratory rate may be increased a great part of the time C. lung stretch receptors may fail to monitor the patterns of breathing D. intercostal muscles contract during inspiration, but fail to relax during expiration

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Drive to breathe may be dependent on low levels of oxygen in the blood: Clients with emphysema may have chronically elevated CO₂ levels, which can blunt their central chemoreceptor response. As a result, their respiratory drive may rely more on peripheral chemoreceptors sensing low oxygen levels.

B. Respiratory rate may be increased a great part of the time: While some clients with emphysema may exhibit tachypnea during exertion or exacerbations, this is not a consistent or defining characteristic across all situations.

C. Lung stretch receptors may fail to monitor the patterns of breathing: Lung stretch receptors play a role in the Hering-Breuer reflex, but there is no evidence that they fail to function in emphysema. The issue in emphysema is gas trapping and reduced surface area for gas exchange, not receptor failure.

D. Intercostal muscles contract during inspiration, but fail to relax during expiration: The intercostal muscles assist with ventilation, particularly during increased respiratory effort. However, their relaxation in expiration is typically passive and not impaired in emphysema.

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A patient at a sports camp is complaining of itchy and watery eyes, coughing, and sneezing when outdoors. The patient's chart states that he has an allergy to grasses. Which medication will the nurse administer?

Nursing Test Bank

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