A patient is experiencing chronic pain with no identifiable cause. Which type of pain does this illustrate?
Neuropathic pain
Radiating pain
Intractable pain
Idiopathic pain
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Neuropathic pain results from nerve damage and is often described as burning, tingling, or shooting. It has identifiable causes such as diabetes, shingles, or spinal injury.
Choice B reason: Radiating pain spreads from a central source to surrounding areas, such as sciatica or cardiac pain extending to the arm. It has a clear origin.
Choice C reason: Intractable pain is severe and persistent, often resistant to treatment. It may have a known cause but is difficult to manage.
Choice D reason: Idiopathic pain is chronic pain without a known or identifiable cause. It may be real and debilitating but lacks a clear pathophysiological explanation, making diagnosis and treatment challenging.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: While DSLR contains dextrose, it is not concentrated enough to maintain the glucose and osmolarity levels required for patients dependent on TPN. It also contains electrolytes that may not be appropriate for all TPN patients.
Choice B reason: D10W is the preferred solution when TPN is temporarily unavailable. It helps maintain blood glucose levels and prevents hypoglycemia due to the abrupt discontinuation of TPN, which contains high concentrations of dextrose.
Choice C reason: 0.45% NaCl is a hypotonic solution and does not provide the necessary glucose to prevent hypoglycemia. It is not suitable as a temporary replacement for TPN.
Choice D reason: Lactated Ringer’s is an isotonic solution used for fluid resuscitation and electrolyte replacement. It lacks sufficient dextrose and is not appropriate for maintaining metabolic needs in TPN-dependent patients.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Decreased blood pH is a hallmark of DKA due to metabolic acidosis from ketone accumulation. In HHS, pH is usually normal or only mildly decreased because ketosis is minimal or absent.
Choice B reason: Severe hyperglycemia is present in both HHS and DKA, though it tends to be more extreme in HHS. However, it is not the distinguishing feature, as both conditions involve elevated glucose levels.
Choice C reason: Ketone presence in the urine is a key feature of DKA, resulting from fat breakdown due to insulin deficiency. In HHS, ketones are typically absent or minimal, but this absence alone does not distinguish the condition as clearly as osmolality.
Choice D reason: Elevated serum osmolality is the defining laboratory feature of HHS. It reflects profound dehydration and hyperglycemia without significant ketosis. This finding helps differentiate HHS from DKA and guides fluid and electrolyte management.
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