A patient presents with a fracture in the long bone of the leg. Which type of bone is primarily involved, and what is its primary function?
Irregular bone; blood cell production
Flat bone; mineral storage
Long bone; support and leverage
Short bone; protection
The Correct Answer is C
A. Irregular bone; blood cell production: Irregular bones have complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones). While they do contain marrow for blood cell production, the bones of the leg are not classified as irregular.
B. Flat bone; mineral storage: Flat bones (e.g., sternum, skull, ribs) protect internal organs and provide attachment points for muscles. They are not the primary classification for limb bones.
C. Long bone; support and leverage: The bones of the legs (femur, tibia, fibula) are classified as long bones because they are longer than they are wide. Their structure (a long shaft with expanded ends) is mechanically engineered to support body weight and act as levers to facilitate movement when muscles contract.
D. Short bone; protection: Short bones are roughly cube-shaped (e.g., carpals in the wrist, tarsals in the ankle). Their primary function is stability and some motion, rather than the leverage provided by long bones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","E"]
Explanation
A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH):PTH is the principal hormone that raises blood calcium. It increases bone resorption (releasing Ca²⁺), enhances renal calcium reabsorption, and stimulates activation of vitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidney, which increases intestinal calcium absorption.
B. Thyroxine:Thyroxine (T4) regulates metabolic rate and growth. It does not play a primary role in acute regulation of serum calcium, although chronic thyroid disease can influence bone turnover indirectly.
C. Cortisol:Cortisol (a glucocorticoid) can affect bone metabolism and calcium balance with long-term excess (promotes bone resorption and can reduce calcium absorption), but it is nota primary hormone for short-term physiologic regulation of serum calcium.
D. Insulin:Insulin primarily regulates glucose uptake and metabolism; it does not directly regulate serum calcium levels.
E. Calcitonin:Secreted by the thyroid C cells, calcitonin lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity and decreasing bone resorption. Its role in humans is less critical than PTH for everyday calcium homeostasis, but it is a classical calcium-lowering hormone.
F. Glucagon:Glucagon primarily raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It does not have a primary role in calcium regulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Central nervous system:Sudden focal motor deficits (e.g., inability to move one limb) and speech disturbance typically indicate a lesion in the brain (cerebral cortex, internal capsule, brainstem) or spinal cord - structures of the central nervous system (CNS). Common causes include stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), intracerebral hemorrhage, or a space-occupying lesion affecting motor or language areas.
B. Enteric nervous system:The enteric nervous system governs gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and blood flow within the gut. It does notcontrol voluntary limb movement or speech, so it is not responsible for these focal neurological signs.
C. Peripheral nervous system:The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes peripheral nerves and roots. PNS lesions produce patterns such as peripheral neuropathy, mononeuropathy, or radiculopathy (sensory loss, distal weakness, reflex changes) but rarely cause acute combined limb paralysis plus dysarthria from a single focal lesion affecting both motor cortex and language pathways - that pattern points to CNS pathology.
D. Autonomic nervous system:The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions (heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, pupil size). Autonomic dysfunction would not cause isolated sudden motor loss of an arm or slurred speech.
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