A patient presents with a fracture in the long bone of the leg. Which type of bone is primarily involved, and what is its primary function?
Irregular bone; blood cell production
Flat bone; mineral storage
Long bone; support and leverage
Short bone; protection
The Correct Answer is C
A. Irregular bone; blood cell production: Irregular bones have complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones). While they do contain marrow for blood cell production, the bones of the leg are not classified as irregular.
B. Flat bone; mineral storage: Flat bones (e.g., sternum, skull, ribs) protect internal organs and provide attachment points for muscles. They are not the primary classification for limb bones.
C. Long bone; support and leverage: The bones of the legs (femur, tibia, fibula) are classified as long bones because they are longer than they are wide. Their structure (a long shaft with expanded ends) is mechanically engineered to support body weight and act as levers to facilitate movement when muscles contract.
D. Short bone; protection: Short bones are roughly cube-shaped (e.g., carpals in the wrist, tarsals in the ankle). Their primary function is stability and some motion, rather than the leverage provided by long bones.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Distal:Distal means farther from the point of attachment or farther from the trunk/center of the body (used for limbs). It does not indicate “closer to the head.”
B. Superior: Superior (also called cranial) means toward the head or upper part of a structure - i.e., closer to the head.
C. Inferior:Inferior means below or toward the feet - farther from the head. It is the opposite of superior.
D. Proximal:Proximal means nearer to the point of attachment to the trunk or nearer to the origin of a structure (used for limbs). It does not mean closer to the head unless the trunk/attachment happens to be superior, so this term is not the correct general term for “closer to the head.”
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. By dilating blood vessels and increasing sweat production: This is the primary cooling response. Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels increases blood flow to the skin to dissipate heat; sweating and subsequent evaporation remove heat from the body surface. Together these actions lower core temperature and restore homeostasis.
B. By increasing metabolic rate: Increasing metabolic rate would produce more heat, which would worsen hyperthermia rather than cool the body. Metabolic rate typically increases during exercise (which raises temperature), but it is not a homeostatic response to reduce body temperature.
C. By decreasing the heart rate:During exercise, heart rate increases to meet oxygen demand; decreasing heart rate would impair heat dissipation and cardiovascular support for exercise. It is not a thermoregulatory mechanism to cool the body.
D. By constricting blood vessels and reducing sweat production:Vasoconstriction and reduced sweating conserve heat and reduce heat loss - an appropriate response in cold stress, not when body temperature is elevated. This would counteract cooling and worsen hyperthermia.
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