What is the primary role of the peritoneum in the human body?
To line and support the abdominal cavity and its organs
To secrete hormones that regulate metabolism
To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
To protect the brain and spinal cord
The Correct Answer is A
A. To line and support the abdominal cavity and its organs: The peritoneum is a serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covers most of the intra-abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum). It supports the organs, holds them in place, and secretes serous fluid to reduce friction during movement (like digestion).
B. To secrete hormones that regulate metabolism: This is the primary function of the endocrine system (e.g., thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands), not the peritoneal membrane.
C. To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. The membrane lining the thoracic cavity and lungs is the pleura, not the peritoneum.
D. To protect the brain and spinal cord: The protective membranes covering the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are collectively called the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater).
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Muscle tissue:Muscle tissue is composed of cells (fibers) that have the unique ability to shorten or contract. This contraction generates the force required for body movement (skeletal muscle), pumping blood (cardiac muscle), and moving substances through hollow organs (smooth muscle).
B. Connective tissue:The primary function of connective tissue is to support, bind together, and protect tissues and organs (e.g., bone, cartilage, blood, and adipose tissue). It provides structure but does not generate active movement through contraction.
C. Epithelial tissue:Epithelial tissue forms the covering of all body surfaces, lines body cavities and hollow organs, and is the major tissue in glands. Its main functions are protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion.
D. Nervous tissue:Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities by transmitting electrical signals (impulses), not by physical contraction.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hypodermis:Also known as the subcutaneous layer, the hypodermis acts as an energy reservoir (fat storage) and thermal insulator. While it connects skin to underlying muscle, it is not the primary site for the generation of new skin cells.
B. Dermis:The dermis is the connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerves, and collagen. While it plays a role in wound healing (fibroblasts produce collagen here to form scar tissue), the active production of new epithelial cells to resurface a wound occurs in the layer above it.
C. Epidermis:The deepest sub-layer of the epidermis, called the stratum basale(basal layer), contains stem cells that continuously divide (mitosis) to produce new keratinocytes. When skin is injured, these cells proliferate and migrate to cover the wound (re-epithelialization).
D. Stratum corneum:This is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead, flattened, keratinized cells. These cells cannot divide or repair tissue; they are constantly shed and replaced by new cells pushing up from the basal layer.
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