What is the primary role of the peritoneum in the human body?
To line and support the abdominal cavity and its organs
To secrete hormones that regulate metabolism
To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
To protect the brain and spinal cord
The Correct Answer is A
A. To line and support the abdominal cavity and its organs: The peritoneum is a serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covers most of the intra-abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum). It supports the organs, holds them in place, and secretes serous fluid to reduce friction during movement (like digestion).
B. To secrete hormones that regulate metabolism: This is the primary function of the endocrine system (e.g., thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands), not the peritoneal membrane.
C. To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs. The membrane lining the thoracic cavity and lungs is the pleura, not the peritoneum.
D. To protect the brain and spinal cord: The protective membranes covering the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are collectively called the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Flat bones: Protect internal organs (e.g., skull, ribs, scapula). Not applicable to femur or humerus.
B. Irregular bones: Have complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, facial bones). Not applicable.
C. Short bones: Cube-shaped bones of wrist and ankle (carpals, tarsals).
D. Long bones: The femur and humerus are classic long bones, characterized by a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses). They support weight and facilitate movement.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Central nervous system:Sudden focal motor deficits (e.g., inability to move one limb) and speech disturbance typically indicate a lesion in the brain (cerebral cortex, internal capsule, brainstem) or spinal cord - structures of the central nervous system (CNS). Common causes include stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), intracerebral hemorrhage, or a space-occupying lesion affecting motor or language areas.
B. Enteric nervous system:The enteric nervous system governs gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and blood flow within the gut. It does notcontrol voluntary limb movement or speech, so it is not responsible for these focal neurological signs.
C. Peripheral nervous system:The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes peripheral nerves and roots. PNS lesions produce patterns such as peripheral neuropathy, mononeuropathy, or radiculopathy (sensory loss, distal weakness, reflex changes) but rarely cause acute combined limb paralysis plus dysarthria from a single focal lesion affecting both motor cortex and language pathways - that pattern points to CNS pathology.
D. Autonomic nervous system:The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions (heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, pupil size). Autonomic dysfunction would not cause isolated sudden motor loss of an arm or slurred speech.
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