A patient presents with a sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain. A pulmonary embolism is suspected. What is the primary effect of a pulmonary embolism on gas exchange?
Decreased alveolar surface area
Enhanced diffusion of gases
Increased alveolar ventilation
Reduced pulmonary blood flow
The Correct Answer is D
A. Decreased alveolar surface area: The alveoli remain intact; the problem is not structural destruction.
B. Enhanced diffusion of gases: Gas diffusion is impaired, not enhanced.
C. Increased alveolar ventilation: Ventilation may be normal, but perfusion is impaired.
D. Reduced pulmonary blood flow: A pulmonary embolism blocks blood flow to ventilated alveoli, causing ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and impaired gas exchange.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Collecting duct: This is involved in the final processing of urine, not the initial filtration.
B. Loop of Henle: This is involved in reabsorption and urine concentration.
C. Distal convoluted tubule: This is primarily involved in the secretion of ions and fine-tuning of electrolyte balance.
D. Bowman's capsule: Filtration occurs at the renal corpuscle, which consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule; the capsule collects the filtrate forced out of the blood.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decreased alveolar surface area: The alveoli remain intact; the problem is not structural destruction.
B. Enhanced diffusion of gases: Gas diffusion is impaired, not enhanced.
C. Increased alveolar ventilation: Ventilation may be normal, but perfusion is impaired.
D. Reduced pulmonary blood flow: A pulmonary embolism blocks blood flow to ventilated alveoli, causing ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatch and impaired gas exchange.
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