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Which hormone, secreted by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production?

A.

Antidiuretic hormone

B.

Renin

C.

Aldosterone

D.

Erythropoietin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Antidiuretic hormone: ADH (vasopressin) is secreted by the posterior pituitary and acts on the kidneys to regulate water retention, not red blood cell production.

B. Renin: Renin is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that starts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to regulate blood pressure.

C. Aldosterone: Aldosterone is a hormone from the adrenal cortex that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water to increase blood pressure.

D. Erythropoietin: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels (hypoxia). It travels to the bone marrow to stimulate the production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis).


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Ileum: This is the site of absorption, but the binding happens much earlier.

B. Jejunum: The complex simply travels through the jejunum.

C. Stomach: Intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach and binds to Vitamin B12 right there in the gastric environment.

D. Duodenum: While B12 is released from food proteins in the stomach and further processed in the duodenum, the initial secretion and binding of intrinsic factor begins in the stomach.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Obstruction in the lower airway: While possible, accessory muscle use is a general sign of increased work of breathing, not specific only to lower airway obstructions.

B. Adequate alveolar ventilation: Labored breathing suggests that ventilation is inadequate or under severe strain.

C. Normal respiratory effort: Normal breathing (eupnea) is quiet and uses only the diaphragm and external intercostals, not accessory muscles like the sternocleidomastoid.

D. The patient is compensating for impaired gas exchange: The body uses accessory muscles to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity to move more air when gas exchange is insufficient to meet metabolic demands.

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