A patient tests positive for HIV
These medications should keep the viral load suppressed
Headache, nausea, vomiting. and anorexia are known side effects of these
medications.
There are no side effects of ART
ART causes insomnia, so it should be taken at night
If you miss a dose of medication, take two of that pill as soon as you think of it
Take ART with antiacids to ensure they do not upset the stomach
We will measure the effectiveness of ART by measuring CD4+T cell counts
ART medications will cause wasting syndrome
Correct Answer : A,B,G
A. Antiretroviral therapy (ART), including dolutegravir and lamivudine, inhibits HIV replication, reducing viral load to undetectable levels, which is a primary goal of treatment. This aligns with the patient’s regimen, as suppressing viral load prevents disease progression and reduces transmission risk.
B. Dolutegravir and lamivudine can cause side effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, which are well-documented in clinical data. Educating the patient about these potential effects is crucial for adherence and managing expectations.
C. ART does not have zero side effects. Clinical evidence shows dolutegravir and lamivudine can cause adverse effects, including gastrointestinal issues and, rarely, liver problems, making this statement incorrect for patient education.
D. While dolutegravir may cause insomnia in some patients, it is not a universal effect requiring nighttime dosing. The prescribed morning dose of dolutegravir is standard to optimize adherence and efficacy, making this statement incorrect.
E. Doubling a missed dose is incorrect and potentially harmful. ART regimens require consistent dosing; patients should take the missed dose as soon as remembered unless it’s close to the next dose, to avoid toxicity and maintain efficacy.
F. Taking ART with antacids is not recommended, as antacids can reduce dolutegravir absorption, decreasing its effectiveness. Patients should be advised to avoid antacids or follow specific timing guidelines, making this statement incorrect.
G. CD4+T cell counts are a key measure of ART effectiveness, as they reflect immune system recovery. Monitoring CD4+T counts every 3 months, as ordered, assesses treatment success, making this statement correct for patient education.
H. ART, including dolutegravir and lamivudine, does not cause wasting syndrome. Wasting syndrome is associated with untreated HIV or older regimens, not modern ART, making this statement incorrect for patient education.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, reduces inflammation in anaphylaxis by inhibiting immune responses. However, its onset is slow, taking hours to act, making it unsuitable as the first-line treatment for acute anaphylactic shock. It is used as an adjunct to stabilize symptoms after epinephrine addresses immediate life-threatening bronchoconstriction and hypotension.
Choice B reason: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock. It acts rapidly via alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors to reverse bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and hypotension. It constricts blood vessels, increases cardiac output, and relaxes airway smooth muscles, alleviating life-threatening symptoms like airway obstruction and shock, making it critical for immediate administration.
Choice C reason: Dobutamine, a beta-agonist, enhances cardiac contractility and is used in cardiogenic shock. It does not address the histamine-mediated vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, or angioedema in anaphylaxis. Its use could worsen hypotension by increasing cardiac demand without correcting the underlying immune-mediated mechanisms, making it inappropriate for this emergency.
Choice D reason: Furosemide, a diuretic, treats fluid overload in conditions like heart failure. In anaphylactic shock, it would exacerbate hypotension by reducing intravascular volume, worsening tissue perfusion. Anaphylaxis involves histamine-induced vascular leak, not fluid overload, so furosemide is contraindicated and would not address the acute airway or cardiovascular symptoms.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Checking the client’s temperature hourly monitors for transfusion reactions but does not prevent them. Fever may indicate a reaction, but prevention relies on ensuring blood compatibility and proper administration. Monitoring is a reactive measure, not a proactive step to avoid mismatches or errors causing hemolytic or febrile reactions.
Choice B reason: Verifying the client’s identity and blood type with another nurse is critical to prevent transfusion reactions. Mismatched blood types cause hemolytic reactions due to antibody-mediated destruction of donor red cells. Double-checking ensures the correct blood unit is administered, preventing life-threatening immunological responses and ensuring patient safety during transfusion.
Choice C reason: Administering diphenhydramine may prevent mild allergic reactions to blood transfusions, such as hives, but it does not address severe hemolytic reactions caused by ABO incompatibility. It is not routinely given prophylactically unless the client has a history of allergic reactions, making it less critical than verifying blood compatibility.
Choice D reason: Infusing blood over 6 hours increases the risk of bacterial growth and hemolysis in the blood unit, as transfusions should typically be completed within 4 hours. Prolonged infusion does not prevent reactions and may cause complications, making it an incorrect action for ensuring safe transfusion practices.
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