A patient who presents with symptoms of influenza that started 24 hours ago is seen by the health care provider.
Which intervention does the nurse expect for this patient?
An order for an antiviral agent such as oseltamivir.
Instructions to rest and decrease fluid intake.
Prescription for antibiotics.
Admission to an acute care facility.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Oseltamivir, an antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor, is most effective when administered within 48 hours of influenza symptom onset. It works by inhibiting the viral neuraminidase enzyme, preventing the release of new virions from infected cells, thereby reducing viral spread and shortening the duration and severity of illness, if given early.
Choice B rationale
Rest is indeed important for recovery from influenza, as it conserves energy and allows the immune system to combat the infection. However, decreasing fluid intake is contraindicated; adequate hydration is crucial to prevent dehydration, especially with fever, and to help thin respiratory secretions, facilitating their clearance.
Choice C rationale
Influenza is a viral infection; therefore, antibiotics, which target bacterial pathogens, are ineffective against the influenza virus itself. Administering antibiotics would be inappropriate and could contribute to antibiotic resistance without providing therapeutic benefit for the viral illness, unless a secondary bacterial infection is suspected.
Choice D rationale
Admission to an acute care facility is generally reserved for severe cases of influenza, such as those with respiratory distress, hypoxemia, or significant comorbidities. For a patient whose symptoms started only 24 hours prior and without severe complications, outpatient management with antiviral therapy is typically sufficient.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Maintaining strict bed rest for a toddler with pneumonia may lead to adverse effects such as muscle deconditioning and delayed motor skill development. Prolonged immobility can also increase the risk of atelectasis and venous stasis due to reduced pulmonary expansion and impaired circulation. Promoting some level of activity, as tolerated, is crucial for maintaining physiological and psychological well-being.
Choice B rationale
Considering the age of the toddler is critical because their developmental stage dictates their understanding, cooperation, and physical needs. Toddlers have a limited attention span and a strong need for mobility and exploration. Age-appropriate interventions ensure compliance and minimize distress while supporting their recovery from pneumonia.
Choice C rationale
Assessing the developmental level is essential as it provides insight into the toddler's cognitive abilities, gross and fine motor skills, and social-emotional needs. This assessment helps in tailoring interventions, such as play activities, to be both engaging and therapeutic, preventing developmental regression during the period of illness and bed rest.
Choice D rationale
Implementing light play activities promotes psychological well-being and prevents developmental stagnation during bed rest. Play can improve lung expansion by encouraging deeper breaths, which aids in preventing atelectasis. It also provides a form of gentle exercise, maintaining muscle tone and reducing boredom while the toddler recovers from pneumonia.
Choice E rationale
Providing hypnotic medication as ordered is generally not indicated for a toddler with pneumonia unless severe agitation or sleep disturbances significantly impede recovery. Sedation can depress respiratory drive, potentially worsening respiratory compromise in a child with pneumonia by reducing effective coughing and clearance of secretions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen is paramount for successful tuberculosis (TB) therapy due to the long duration of treatment and the risk of developing drug-resistant strains if medication is taken inconsistently. Scientific principles dictate that maintaining therapeutic drug levels continuously is essential to effectively kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevent the emergence of mutations that confer resistance, ensuring complete eradication of the infection and preventing relapse.
Choice B rationale
While a well-balanced diet supports overall health and immune function, it is secondary to medication adherence in the acute management of tuberculosis. Nutritional support can aid recovery by replenishing energy stores and supporting the immune system, which is crucial for combating chronic infection. However, without consistent pharmacological intervention, dietary factors alone cannot eradicate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli or prevent disease progression.
Choice C rationale
Follow-up sputum cultures are vital for monitoring treatment effectiveness and confirming cure, but educating on adherence takes precedence. Sputum cultures are a diagnostic tool to assess bacterial load and viability, providing objective evidence of treatment success or failure. They guide decisions regarding treatment duration and drug susceptibility, but their value is contingent upon the client consistently taking their medication to achieve bacterial clearance in the first place.
Choice D rationale
Balancing rest with activity is important for managing fatigue and promoting recovery, but it is less critical than adherence to the medication regimen. Rest allows the body to conserve energy and focus resources on healing, reducing metabolic demands on the already stressed physiological systems during an active infection. Activity, when tolerated, can prevent deconditioning. However, neither directly targets the elimination of the causative organism like antimicrobial therapy.
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