A patient will begin using ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), albuterol (Proventil), and an inhaled glucocorticoid medication (steroid) to treat chronic bronchitis.

When teaching this patient about disease and medication management, the nurse will instruct the patient to administer these medications in which order?

A. Seasonal allergy only

Montelukast may be used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with seasonal allergies, but its primary use is for asthma prevention.

B. Severe asthmatic attacks

Montelukast is not typically used for the treatment of severe asthmatic attacks. Short-acting bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids are more commonly used in this scenario.

C. Acute bronchospasm

While montelukast has a role in the prevention of bronchospasm, it is not typically used for the acute treatment of bronchospasm. Short-acting bronchodilators are more appropriate for immediate relief of bronchospasm.

D. Maintenance and prevention of asthma

Montelukast (Singulair) is used for the maintenance and prevention of asthma. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that works by blocking the action of leukotrienes, which are inflammatory mediators involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. By inhibiting leukotrienes, montelukast helps to reduce airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, thereby preventing asthma symptoms.

A. Kill cancer cells and normal cells

This describes the general mechanism of traditional chemotherapy, which targets rapidly dividing cells. Unlike targeted therapies, traditional chemotherapy does not selectively target specific molecules or pathways in cancer cells, leading to a broader impact on both cancer cells and normal cells.

B. Increase neutrophils to fight infection

This does not describe the mechanism of targeted therapies. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response to infection. Targeted therapies primarily focus on blocking specific molecular pathways involved in cancer cell growth and survival.

C. Target the spread of infection

This option is not an accurate description of how targeted therapies treat cancer. The primary goal of targeted therapies is to interfere with specific molecular processes in cancer cells, not to target the spread of infection.

D. Block specific cancer cell growth on the molecular level

This is the correct answer. Targeted therapies are designed to block or interfere with specific molecules or pathways involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. By targeting these specific aspects of cancer cell biology, targeted therapies aim to inhibit the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells.