Ms. Williams is a 72 year-old female who is scheduled to begin chemotherapy within the next two weeks.

The chemotherapeutic agent that he oncologist has prescribed causes alopecia in almost 100% of all cases. Ms. Williams has always been very particular about her hair and is concerned about this side effect.

Which statement by the oncology clinic RN, as it relates to this side effect, is most appropriate?

A. Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory medications commonly used as long-term control medications in asthma management. They are not typically considered rescue inhalers. They work gradually over time to reduce inflammation and are not suitable for immediate relief during an acute asthma attack.

B. Mast cell stabilizer

Mast cell stabilizers are anti-inflammatory medications that work by preventing the release of inflammatory substances from mast cells. They are used as maintenance therapy to prevent asthma symptoms but are not rescue inhalers. They do not provide quick relief during acute episodes.

C. Mucolytic agent

Mucolytic agents are medications that help thin and loosen mucus in the airways. While they may be used to improve respiratory symptoms, they are not considered rescue inhalers. They do not provide rapid bronchodilation and are typically used for different purposes, such as addressing mucus production and clearance.

D. Short-acting beta 2 agonist

This is the correct answer. Short-acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs) are bronchodilators that provide quick relief during acute bronchoconstriction. They act by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, allowing for rapid dilation and improved airflow. SABAs are commonly used as rescue inhalers to alleviate symptoms during asthma attacks or sudden exacerbations.

A. Is a first-line drug currently to treat COPD

Methylxanthines are not considered first-line drugs for the treatment of COPD. They are often reserved for use when other bronchodilators (such as beta-agonists and anticholinergics) are not effective or well-tolerated.

B. Is considered toxic if theophylline levels are between 5-15 mcg/mL

The therapeutic range for theophylline levels is generally considered to be lower, typically 5-15 mcg/mL. However, toxicity can occur at levels above the therapeutic range, and symptoms can vary between individuals.

C. Has fewer major side effects than beta-agonists and glucocorticoids

Methylxanthines can have side effects, and their use is associated with a risk of toxicity. Beta-agonists and glucocorticoids are often preferred as first-line treatments due to their efficacy and a more favorable side effect profile.

D. Has the potential to cause central nervous system side effects, especially if levels are elevated

Methylxanthines, such as theophylline, are bronchodilators that can be used in the treatment of respiratory conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, they have a narrow therapeutic window, and elevated levels can lead to toxicity. Central nervous system side effects, such as restlessness, insomnia, and seizures, can occur with elevated theophylline levels.