A patient with Addison's disease is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?
Melatonin
Cortisol
Thyroxine
Insulin
The Correct Answer is B
A. Melatonin: Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Addison’s disease does not affect melatonin production, so a deficiency in this hormone is not associated with the condition.
B. Cortisol: Addison’s disease involves destruction or dysfunction of the adrenal cortex, leading to insufficient production of cortisol. Cortisol is essential for stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure regulation, and its deficiency is a hallmark of this disorder.
C. Thyroxine: Thyroxine (T4) is produced by the thyroid gland and regulates metabolism. Addison’s disease does not directly affect thyroid hormone production, so T4 levels are generally normal unless there is a concurrent thyroid disorder.
D. Insulin: Insulin is secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels. Addison’s disease primarily affects the adrenal glands, so insulin deficiency is not a feature of this condition.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased ATP levels: During exercise, ATP is consumed rapidly to fuel muscle contractions. Increased ATP levels are not a cause of fatigue; rather, ATP depletion can contribute to reduced muscle performance.
B. Depletion of oxygen: Oxygen depletion can limit aerobic metabolism, but muscles often continue generating energy anaerobically. Oxygen shortage alone is not the primary cause of fatigue in prolonged activity.
C. Lack of glycogen stores: Glycogen is a key energy source, and its depletion can reduce endurance. However, fatigue is more directly related to metabolic byproducts affecting muscle contraction.
D. Accumulation of lactic acid: During intense or prolonged exercise, anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid, which lowers pH in muscle cells. This acidic environment interferes with enzyme activity and muscle contraction, leading to fatigue.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Touch: Touch is a general sense detected by mechanoreceptors distributed throughout the body. It provides information about pressure, vibration, and texture, and does not require specialized organs.
B. Smell: Smell is a special sense mediated by olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity, requiring a specialized organ for detection.
C. Hearing: Hearing is a special sense detected by the cochlea in the inner ear, which is specialized for auditory perception.
D. Vision: Vision is a special sense mediated by photoreceptors in the retina of the eyes, requiring a highly specialized organ.
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