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A permanent, inheritable change in the genetic information is called a/an

A.

mutation.

B.

alteration.

C.

transcription.

D.

regeneration.

E.

translation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. mutation: A mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens, or viral insertions. They can affect a single nucleotide (point mutation) or larger segments of DNA, potentially altering gene function, protein structure, and phenotypic traits.

B. alteration: Alteration is a general term for any change, but it does not necessarily imply permanence or heritability. Temporary modifications in gene expression or environmental effects on DNA are not considered true mutations.

C. transcription: Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. While it involves copying genetic information, it does not change the DNA sequence itself and is not heritable.

D. regeneration: Regeneration refers to the biological process of restoring lost or damaged tissues or organs. It is unrelated to changes in genetic material.

E. translation: Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA templates. Like transcription, it interprets genetic information but does not permanently alter DNA sequences or create inheritable changes.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Guanine: Guanine pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA through three hydrogen bonds. It does not pair with uracil, as the chemical structure of uracil does not allow stable hydrogen bonding with guanine.

B. Adenine: In RNA, uracil replaces thymine and forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine. This base-pairing maintains the complementary structure needed for RNA transcription and folding, ensuring accurate coding during protein synthesis.

C. Thymine: Thymine is found only in DNA and pairs with adenine. In RNA, uracil substitutes for thymine, so thymine does not pair with uracil.

D. Cytosine: Cytosine pairs with guanine via three hydrogen bonds in both DNA and RNA. Cytosine does not pair with uracil because the hydrogen bonding does not match the structural requirements.

Correct Answer is E

Explanation

A. anticodon: An anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence on transfer RNA (tRNA) that is complementary to the codon on messenger RNA (mRNA). Anticodons allow tRNA to bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis, but they are not located on DNA and do not directly code for amino acids.

B. primer: A primer is a short nucleic acid sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis during replication. It is not a coding sequence for amino acids, but rather a temporary sequence used by DNA polymerase to initiate replication.

C. exon: An exon is a segment of DNA or mRNA that contains coding information for proteins. While exons are part of the gene that is ultimately expressed, the term does not specifically refer to a three-base sequence that codes for a single amino acid.

D. intron: An intron is a noncoding segment of DNA within a gene that is transcribed into RNA but removed during mRNA processing. Introns do not code for amino acids and are not involved in specifying the protein sequence.

E. triplet: A triplet, also known as a codon when transcribed into mRNA, is a sequence of three nucleotides on DNA that specifies a single amino acid during protein synthesis. Each triplet corresponds to one amino acid in the growing polypeptide chain, forming the genetic code.

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