Antimicrobics effective against only gram-positive bacteria would be termed
semisynthetic drugs.
antibiotics.
broad-spectrum drugs.
narrow-spectrum drugs.
synthetic drugs.
The Correct Answer is D
A. semisynthetic drugs: Semisynthetic drugs are chemically modified natural antibiotics designed to improve their stability, spectrum, or pharmacokinetic properties. While some may target gram-positive bacteria, the term does not specifically indicate activity against a narrow group of organisms.
B. antibiotics: Antibiotics are naturally occurring or derived substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms. This term refers broadly to the type of drug rather than the range of bacteria it affects, so it does not specifically describe drugs limited to gram-positive bacteria.
C. broad-spectrum drugs: Broad-spectrum drugs are effective against a wide range of bacteria, including both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. They are used when the specific pathogen is unknown but are not limited to gram-positive bacteria.
D. narrow-spectrum drugs: Narrow-spectrum drugs are effective against a limited group of microorganisms. In this context, a drug that targets only gram-positive bacteria is considered narrow-spectrum, as it does not act against gram-negative organisms and allows for more targeted therapy with reduced impact on normal flora.
E. synthetic drugs: Synthetic drugs are entirely chemically synthesized rather than derived from natural sources. While some synthetic drugs may target gram-positive bacteria, the term describes the origin of the drug, not its spectrum of activity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chitin: Fungal cell walls are primarily composed of chitin, a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. Chitin provides structural strength and rigidity to the fungal cell wall, allowing the organism to maintain shape and resist osmotic pressure. Its presence distinguishes fungi from bacteria and makes it a target for antifungal therapies.
B. Peptidoglycan: Peptidoglycan is a key structural component of bacterial cell walls, particularly in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It provides rigidity and protects against osmotic lysis but is absent in fungal cells, so it is not responsible for their structural integrity.
C. Lipopolysaccharide: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They contribute to bacterial virulence and can trigger immune responses in humans. LPS is not found in fungi and does not play a role in fungal infections.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Endotoxin: Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. When these bacteria die, LPS is released into the host’s bloodstream, triggering a strong immune response. The lipid A portion of endotoxin activates macrophages to release cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which act on the hypothalamus to induce fever.
B. Exotoxin: Exotoxins are proteins secreted by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria during their growth. They are highly potent and can cause tissue damage and specific clinical syndromes, but they are not primarily responsible for fever following bacterial death.
C. Capsule proteins: Capsule components contribute to bacterial virulence by preventing phagocytosis and promoting adherence. While they enhance bacterial survival, capsule proteins do not directly trigger the cytokine-mediated fever response that is associated with endotoxin release.
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