A phlebotomist is preparing to perform venipuncture for blood collection from a 6-year-old patient. Which of the following needles should the phlebotomist use?

Choice A Reason:
Occult blood detection is a test that a phlebotomist is allowed to perform according to CLIA regulations. This test is typically used to detect hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colorectal cancer or other digestive system diseases. It is considered a waived test under CLIA, meaning it is simple and carries a low risk for an incorrect result.

Choice B Reason:
Flow cytometry is a complex test that requires specialized training and equipment. It is used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of particles in a fluid as they pass through at least one laser. Phlebotomists are not typically trained to perform this type of analysis, as it falls under the category of high complexity testing.

Choice C Reason:
Genetic molecular tests are used to detect specific sequences in DNA or RNA that may or may not lead to disease. These tests are complex and require specialized knowledge and equipment. They are not within the scope of practice for phlebotomists, who are trained primarily in blood collection.

Choice D Reason:
Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. This type of test is also complex and requires specialized training and equipment, which is beyond the scope of a phlebotomist's duties.

Choice A Reason:

Keeping the patient as upright as possible is not recommended in cases of shock. When a patient is in shock, it is important to lay them down and elevate their legs slightly, unless this position causes pain or further injury. This position helps improve blood flow to the brain.

Choice B Reason:

Providing a cooling blanket is not a standard first aid measure for shock due to a medication reaction. A cooling blanket may be used in cases of hyperthermia or heatstroke to reduce body temperature, but not typically for shock, which requires maintaining normal body temperature and preventing chilling.

Choice C Reason:

Administering oral fluids to a patient in shock is not advisable. During shock, a patient may have an impaired swallowing reflex or be unconscious, increasing the risk of aspiration. It is best to avoid giving anything by mouth until medical personnel arrive.

Choice D Reason:

Maintaining an open airway is crucial for a patient in shock. Ensuring that the airway is clear allows the patient to breathe effectively, which is essential for delivering oxygen to the tissues and organs. If the patient is unconscious or has an altered level of consciousness, the phlebotomist should check for breathing and begin CPR if necessary.