A school nurse is assessing a child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

Polyuria

Fruity breath

Diaphoresis

Polyphagia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Polyuria: Polyuria results from hyperglycemia, where excess glucose in the bloodstream leads to osmotic diuresis. This causes the kidneys to excrete more water, increasing urination frequency. It is not a feature of hypoglycemia.
B. Fruity breath: Fruity-scented breath is due to ketone buildup in diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia. It signals metabolic acidosis rather than low blood sugar levels.
C. Diaphoresis: Diaphoresis occurs during hypoglycemia as the body releases epinephrine in response to falling glucose. This triggers sweating, tremors, and palpitations as part of the autonomic response.
D. Polyphagia: Polyphagia is a symptom of hyperglycemia, where cells are starved of glucose despite its presence in the blood. This leads to increased hunger, not typically seen in acute hypoglycemia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Esophagitis: Esophagitis is not a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is more often associated with gastroesophageal conditions or certain medications rather than autoimmune flare-ups.
B. Fever: Fever is a common finding during an acute exacerbation of SLE, reflecting the inflammatory nature of the autoimmune response and potential systemic involvement, such as joint pain or organ inflammation.
C. Diplopia: Diplopia, or double vision, is more associated with neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis rather than SLE, which more commonly affects joints, skin, and internal organs.
D. Bradykinesia: Bradykinesia is characteristic of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, not typically seen in clients experiencing an SLE flare.

A. Beneficence B. Fidelity C. Veracity D. Autonomy

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Beneficence: Sitting with the client to provide comfort demonstrates beneficence, which involves actions that promote the well-being and best interests of the client, including offering emotional support during difficult times.
B. Fidelity: Fidelity refers to the nurse’s obligation to be faithful and keep promises made to the client, which involves trustworthiness but does not specifically address providing comfort through presence.
C. Veracity: Veracity is the ethical principle of truth-telling and honesty. Providing comfort by sitting with the client is supportive but not directly related to truthfulness.
D. Autonomy: Autonomy concerns respecting the client’s right to make independent decisions about their care. Offering comfort by presence supports emotional needs but does not directly involve respecting autonomy.

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A school nurse is assessing a child who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

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