Active transport requires:

A. Enveloped: Enveloped viruses acquire their lipid membrane from the host cell during the budding process. This allows the virus to exit the host cell without immediately lysing it. The envelope contains viral glycoproteins essential for attachment and entry into new host cells, and the budding process helps maintain host cell viability temporarily.

B. Non-enveloped: Non-enveloped viruses lack a lipid membrane and typically exit host cells through lysis, which destroys the cell. Because they do not have an envelope, they cannot bud and must rely on cell rupture to release progeny virions.

C. Noninfectious: Viruses that are noninfectious are incapable of establishing infection in host cells. Budding does not determine infectivity; enveloped viruses released via budding are usually fully infectious and able to infect subsequent cells.

A. cell membrane; cytoplasm: Viral replication does not generally occur at the cell membrane. The membrane may be involved in viral entry or exit (such as budding in enveloped viruses), but it is not the primary site where viral genomes replicate. DNA viruses require access to host nuclear enzymes, while most RNA viruses replicate within the cytoplasm.

B. cytoplasm; nucleus: This arrangement reverses the typical replication locations of DNA and RNA viruses. Most DNA viruses depend on host DNA polymerases and transcription machinery located in the nucleus. In contrast, most RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm because they carry or encode their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

C. nucleus; cytoplasm: Most DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus because they rely on host cell enzymes for DNA replication and transcription, which are located there. Most RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm, where viral RNA polymerases synthesize new RNA genomes and messenger RNA without needing host nuclear machinery.

D. nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum: While the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and processing of viral proteins, it is not typically the primary location of RNA genome replication. RNA viruses generally replicate their genomes freely in the cytoplasm rather than within the endoplasmic reticulum.

E. cytoplasm; cell membrane: DNA viruses typically replicate in the nucleus rather than the cytoplasm. Additionally, the cell membrane is not a location for viral genome replication. Although some viruses assemble or bud at the membrane, genome synthesis primarily occurs either in the nucleus (DNA viruses) or cytoplasm (RNA viruses).