An antiviral that is a nucleotide analog would have an antiviral mode of action that
blocks penetration.
inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking.
bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane.
blocks DNA replication.
blocks maturation.
The Correct Answer is D
A. blocks penetration: Blocking penetration prevents viruses from entering host cells. Nucleotide analogs do not interfere with viral entry; instead, they act after the virus has already penetrated the host cell.
B. inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking: Peptidoglycan is a component of bacterial cell walls, not viruses. Antibiotics like penicillin target this process, but nucleotide analogs target viral nucleic acid synthesis, not bacterial cell walls.
C. bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane: Binding to ergosterol is the mechanism of action for antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B. Nucleotide analogs do not interact with membranes or sterols.
D. blocks DNA replication: Nucleotide analogs resemble natural nucleotides and are incorporated into viral DNA or RNA during replication. Once incorporated, they can terminate chain elongation or cause mutations, effectively inhibiting viral DNA replication and viral proliferation.
E. blocks maturation: Blocking maturation interferes with viral assembly or processing of viral proteins, a mechanism seen with protease inhibitors. Nucleotide analogs act earlier in the replication cycle by directly targeting nucleic acid synthesis rather than late-stage viral maturation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glycolysis: Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP directly through substrate-level phosphorylation, yielding 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. While it initiates the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, the majority of energy is not generated at this stage.
B. All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules: ATP production is not uniform across the phases of cellular respiration. Each phase contributes differently, with oxidative phosphorylation generating the largest share of ATP, making this statement incorrect.
C. Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain): The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation produce the majority of ATP during cellular respiration, typically yielding 34 ATP per glucose molecule. High-energy electrons from NADH and FADH₂ drive proton pumping across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient that powers ATP synthase to generate large quantities of ATP.
D. Krebs cycle: The Krebs cycle produces a small number of ATP molecules directly through substrate-level phosphorylation (1 ATP per cycle per acetyl-CoA). Its main contribution is generating NADH and FADH₂, which carry electrons to the electron transport chain for the production of most ATP.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Guanine: Guanine pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA through three hydrogen bonds. It does not pair with uracil, as the chemical structure of uracil does not allow stable hydrogen bonding with guanine.
B. Adenine: In RNA, uracil replaces thymine and forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine. This base-pairing maintains the complementary structure needed for RNA transcription and folding, ensuring accurate coding during protein synthesis.
C. Thymine: Thymine is found only in DNA and pairs with adenine. In RNA, uracil substitutes for thymine, so thymine does not pair with uracil.
D. Cytosine: Cytosine pairs with guanine via three hydrogen bonds in both DNA and RNA. Cytosine does not pair with uracil because the hydrogen bonding does not match the structural requirements.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.