An antiviral that is a nucleotide analog would have an antiviral mode of action that
blocks penetration.
inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking.
bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane.
blocks DNA replication.
blocks maturation.
The Correct Answer is D
A. blocks penetration: Blocking penetration prevents viruses from entering host cells. Nucleotide analogs do not interfere with viral entry; instead, they act after the virus has already penetrated the host cell.
B. inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking: Peptidoglycan is a component of bacterial cell walls, not viruses. Antibiotics like penicillin target this process, but nucleotide analogs target viral nucleic acid synthesis, not bacterial cell walls.
C. bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane: Binding to ergosterol is the mechanism of action for antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B. Nucleotide analogs do not interact with membranes or sterols.
D. blocks DNA replication: Nucleotide analogs resemble natural nucleotides and are incorporated into viral DNA or RNA during replication. Once incorporated, they can terminate chain elongation or cause mutations, effectively inhibiting viral DNA replication and viral proliferation.
E. blocks maturation: Blocking maturation interferes with viral assembly or processing of viral proteins, a mechanism seen with protease inhibitors. Nucleotide analogs act earlier in the replication cycle by directly targeting nucleic acid synthesis rather than late-stage viral maturation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lead: Lead is a heavy metal that has historical use in paints and plumbing but has limited antimicrobial properties. While toxic to humans and microbes at high concentrations, it is not commonly used as an effective antimicrobial agent in commercial products today due to safety concerns and poor efficacy compared with modern agents.
B. Carbohydrate: Carbohydrates serve primarily as nutrients and energy sources for organisms. They do not possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties and therefore are ineffective in killing microorganisms in commercial products.
C. Bacteriostatic: Bacteriostatic chemicals inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms but do not directly kill them. These agents rely on the host immune system to eliminate the inhibited microbes. While useful, bacteriostatic agents are generally less immediately effective than bactericidal compounds when rapid microbial killing is desired.
D. Bactericidal: Bactericidal chemicals actively kill microorganisms by disrupting essential cellular structures or metabolic processes, such as the cell wall, cell membrane, or protein synthesis. Commercial products containing bactericidal agents, such as bleach, alcohol, and phenolic compounds, are more effective at eliminating microbial populations quickly and reducing the risk of infection.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Fimbriae: Fimbriae are short, hair-like appendages on the surface of many bacteria that enable them to adhere to surfaces, including medical devices like catheters. This attachment is critical in forming biofilms, which protect the bacteria from the host immune system and antibiotics, making infections persistent and difficult to eradicate.
B. Flagella: Flagella are long, whip-like structures used primarily for bacterial motility. While they help bacteria move toward favorable environments or away from harmful stimuli (chemotaxis), they are not directly responsible for attachment to surfaces such as catheters.
C. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are intracellular structures responsible for protein synthesis and play no role in bacterial adhesion. They are essential for growth and replication but do not contribute to attachment or biofilm formation.
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