All of the following are prescription medications currently approved by the FDA for Alzheimer's treatment except
Exelon
Risperdal
Namenda
Aricept
The Correct Answer is B
A. Exelon (rivastigmine) is an FDA-approved medication for Alzheimer's disease. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that works by increasing levels of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter important for memory and learning .
B. Risperdal (risperidone) is not approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is an atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While it may be prescribed off-label for managing certain behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's patients, its use in this context carries significant risks, including increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis .
C. Namenda (memantine) is an FDA-approved medication for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It is an NMDA receptor antagonist that helps regulate glutamate activity, which is involved in learning and memory .
D. Aricept (donepezil) is an FDA-approved medication for all stages of Alzheimer's disease. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases levels of acetylcholine in the brain .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I think you need more medication. I will be right back." While medication is an important aspect of managing Alzheimer's disease, this response dismisses the patient's feelings and does not address the emotional content of the statement. The goal is to engage with the patient in a compassionate way, not to assume the medication is the solution.
B. "Your wife passed away last year. Who's your date?" This response may be truthful, but it could be very distressing for the patient. Alzheimer's disease often causes memory loss and confusion, so correcting the patient in this blunt manner may cause unnecessary emotional distress or frustration.
C. "Today is (today's date). Tell me about the other dances you've been to." This is the most appropriate response. It gently redirects the patient to reality by providing the correct date, but it also shows empathy and invites the patient to share pleasant memories. This approach validates the patient's emotions and encourages conversation, which is beneficial for maintaining dignity and engaging the patient in meaningful dialogue.
D. "You're confused. Today is not Valentine's Day." This response may make the patient feel invalidated or upset. Alzheimer's disease often causes confusion and disorientation, so harshly correcting the patient can lead to increased agitation and emotional distress.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Prevent breakdown of acetylcholinesterase by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine is incorrect because the mechanism of Donepezil (Aricept) involves inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, not acetylcholine itself. The goal is to increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain by preventing its breakdown.
B. Prevent breakdown of acetylcholine by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterase is the correct mechanism. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor. By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine), Donepezil increases the amount of acetylcholine available to stimulate receptors in the brain, which helps improve symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
C. Promote breakdown of acetylcholine by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterase is incorrect because Donepezil prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine, not promotes it.
D. Promote breakdown of acetylcholinesterase by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine is also incorrect. The purpose of Donepezil is to prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, not to break down acetylcholinesterase itself.
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