A client experiencing delirium will most likely have:
An acute medical condition
Progressive deficits in memory of condition
Plaques found on the outside of dead and damaged neurons
Progressive nerve degeneration
The Correct Answer is A
A. An acute medical condition is the most likely cause of delirium. Delirium is typically a temporary, acute confusional state that results from an underlying medical condition, such as infection (e.g., urinary tract infections), dehydration, medications, or metabolic imbalances. Delirium is often reversible once the underlying cause is treated.
B. Progressive deficits in memory of condition refers to conditions like Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia, where memory loss is gradual and progressive over time. This is not characteristic of delirium, which usually occurs suddenly and may involve a fluctuating course of confusion.
C. Plaques found on the outside of dead and damaged neurons is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and certain other neurodegenerative disorders. These plaques, made up of amyloid-beta protein, are not associated with delirium.
D. Progressive nerve degeneration describes the pathophysiology of chronic conditions like Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, where there is a gradual decline in cognitive function due to nerve degeneration. Delirium is an acute condition and does not involve the progressive degeneration seen in these diseases.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Gradual progressive onset. Dementia typically has a gradual onset and progresses over time. This is true for most types of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, where symptoms slowly worsen over months and years.
B. Can be classified as either primary or secondary. Dementia can be classified as primary (such as Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia, where the brain itself is primarily affected) or secondary (where dementia is caused by another condition, such as a stroke or a brain injury).
C. It does not interfere with navigation of daily life. This statement is incorrect. One of the defining features of dementia is that it does interfere with daily life. As cognitive functions decline, individuals often have difficulty with tasks such as managing finances, cooking, driving, and maintaining personal hygiene.
D. It is irreversible. While some types of dementia (like Alzheimer's disease) are irreversible and progressive, there are certain conditions, like some forms of vascular dementia, where the progression can be slowed or stabilized if the underlying cause is addressed. However, many forms of dementia are indeed irreversible.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Sweating is a common symptom of opioid withdrawal and is included in the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), which is used to assess the severity of withdrawal symptoms.
B. Goosebumps (also called piloerection) are a classic physical sign of opioid withdrawal and are specifically assessed in the COWS scoring system.
C. Palpitations are not typically listed as a core symptom of opioid withdrawal in the COWS assessment. While some individuals may subjectively report feeling anxious or having an increased heart rate, palpitations are not a primary or consistent withdrawal symptom.
D. High blood pressure is a recognized symptom of opioid withdrawal and is measured in the COWS tool as part of autonomic symptoms like increased pulse and blood pressure.
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