An LPN working in home care is sent to a patient's house to check the the client's PT/INR since the patient is on warfarin. The LPN know that further education is needed when she sees the patient eating:
Macaroni and cheese
Kale chips
Fast food burger and fries
Fruit salad
The Correct Answer is B
A. Macaroni and cheese: This food is high in carbohydrates and fats but does not contain significant amounts of Vitamin K. While not particularly heart-healthy, it does not directly interfere with the mechanism of warfarin. Patients on anticoagulants do not need to avoid this food specifically for PT/INR stability.
B. Kale chips: Kale is extremely high in Vitamin K, which is the direct physiological antagonist to warfarin. Consuming large or inconsistent amounts of leafy greens can lower the INR, making the blood more prone to clotting and reducing the medication's efficacy. Patients must maintain a consistent intake of Vitamin K to ensure stable anticoagulation levels.
C. Fast food burger and fries: High-fat meals can affect overall cardiovascular health and lipid levels but do not have a direct, acute impact on Vitamin K levels or warfarin metabolism. While the nurse should encourage better nutrition, this meal does not present the same immediate risk to PT/INR monitoring as high-Vitamin K foods.
D. Fruit salad: Most fruits are naturally low in Vitamin K and are safe for patients taking warfarin to consume. Fruit provides essential vitamins and fiber without interfering with the anticoagulant effects of the medication. This is a healthy dietary choice that does not require specific education regarding warfarin interactions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["0.5"]
Explanation
Dose ordered /Dose available ×volume
7.5 /15 ×1=0.5ml
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Discourage walking in order to limit pain: Physical inactivity promotes further vascular stasis and muscle atrophy in the lower extremities. While claudication causes discomfort, complete avoidance of movement prevents the development of collateral circulation. Reduced mobility exacerbates the underlying pathology of arterial insufficiency and impairs long-term functional outcomes.
B. Encourage extended periods of sitting or standing: Prolonged static positioning increases hydrostatic pressure and can worsen peripheral tissue perfusion. Dependency or stasis does not facilitate the arterial inflow required to oxygenate ischemic tissues. Frequent position changes are necessary to prevent localized pressure and maintain adequate circulatory flow.
C. Elevate his legs and arms above his heart when resting: This position hinders gravity-assisted arterial flow to the distal extremities, worsening ischemia. Unlike venous insufficiency, arterial disease requires the limbs to be maintained in a neutral or slightly dependent position. Elevation significantly reduces the perfusion pressure needed to reach peripheral tissues.
D. Encourage the client to engage in moderate amount of exercise: Structured walking programs stimulate the formation of collateral vessels to bypass occluded arteries. Physical activity improves oxygen extraction by the muscles and increases the pain-free walking distance. This intervention remains a cornerstone of conservative management for improving peripheral arterial circulation.
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