An organic nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the organism and must be provided is called a(n)
element.
macronutrient.
compound.
growth factor.
trace element.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Element:
An element refers to a pure chemical substance such as carbon or nitrogen, not a complex organic molecule required for growth.
B. Macronutrient:
Macronutrients are required in large quantities but can often be synthesized or derived from other sources; the term does not imply inability to synthesize.
C. Compound:
This term is too broad and does not specify the nutrient’s essential nature or the organism’s inability to synthesize it.
D. Growth factor:
A growth factor is an organic compound, such as an amino acid, vitamin, or nucleotide base, that the organism must obtain externally because it cannot synthesize it.
E. Trace element:
Trace elements are inorganic minerals required in minute amounts for enzyme function, not organic nutrients that must be provided.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Metabolism is the digestion of nutrients to release energy:
Digestion and energy release (catabolism) are parts of metabolism, but this statement omits the biosynthetic (anabolic) reactions that are also included.
B. Metabolism is the assembly of small molecules into macromolecules:
Assembly of small molecules (anabolism) is part of metabolism, but this statement excludes catabolic reactions that break down molecules.
C. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of a cell (or organism), both anabolic and catabolic:
Metabolism encompasses both pathways that build molecules (anabolism) and pathways that break them down to release energy (catabolism), so this definition is comprehensive.
D. Metabolism is the production and expenditure of chemical energy:
Production and use of chemical energy are central aspects of metabolism but do not fully describe the wide variety of metabolic chemical transformations.
E. Metabolism is the assembly of macromolecules into cellular structures:
Assembly of macromolecules into structures (e.g., ribosomes, membranes) may occur, but metabolism more broadly includes many other chemical reactions beyond structural assembly.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. True: Ionizing radiation (gamma rays, X-rays) penetrates deeply and causes ionizations that break DNA and other critical molecules, making it generally more effective at inactivating microbes and spores than nonionizing UV, which has more limited penetration.
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