_____ are the most movable joints.
symphyses
synovial joints
syndesmoses
gomphoses
synchondroses
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Symphyses are cartilaginous joints where bones are joined by fibrocartilage. They allow limited movement, such as in the pubic symphysis, but are not the most movable joints.
Choice B reason: Synovial joints are the most movable type of joints in the body. They feature a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, which reduces friction and allows for a wide range of motion. Examples include the shoulder, hip, and knee joints.
Choice C reason: Syndesmoses are fibrous joints where bones are connected by ligaments. They allow more movement than sutures but are still relatively limited compared to synovial joints.
Choice D reason: Gomphoses are immovable joints found between teeth and their sockets. These joints are highly stable but do not permit movement.
Choice E reason: Synchondroses are cartilaginous joints where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. These joints are typically immovable or allow very slight movement, such as in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Epiphysis and diaphysis refer to regions of a long bone—the ends and shaft respectively—not to the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice B reason: This reverses the anatomical regions but still does not address the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice C reason: Compact bone and spongy bone are types of bone tissue, not the membranes that line or cover bone surfaces.
Choice D reason: The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of bones, providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments and housing blood vessels and nerves. The endosteum lines the internal surfaces, including the medullary cavity, and plays a role in bone growth and remodeling.
Choice E reason: This reverses the correct anatomical relationship. The endosteum lines the internal surface, not the external.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Smooth and cardiac muscle are capable of contracting without direct nervous stimulation. Cardiac muscle has intrinsic pacemaker cells that generate rhythmic contractions, and smooth muscle can respond to chemical signals, stretch, and local factors independently of neural input.
Choice B reason: Skeletal muscle requires nervous stimulation to contract. It is under voluntary control and cannot initiate contraction on its own, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: While cardiac muscle can contract independently, this choice omits smooth muscle, which also has autonomous contractile ability. Therefore, it is incomplete.
Choice D reason: Skeletal muscle is entirely dependent on neural input for contraction. It cannot contract without stimulation from motor neurons.
Choice E reason: Smooth muscle can contract without nervous stimulation, but this choice excludes cardiac muscle, which also shares this property. Thus, it is not the best answer.
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