The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as:
Appositional growth
Concentric growth
Interstitial growth
Circumferential growth
Epiphyseal plate closure
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Appositional growth is the correct answer. It refers to the process by which bones increase in diameter or thickness. This occurs when osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down new bone matrix on the outer surface, while osteoclasts resorb bone on the inner surface to maintain proper proportions.
Choice B reason: Concentric growth is not a recognized term in bone physiology. It may refer to circular layering in osteons but not to bone thickening.
Choice C reason: Interstitial growth occurs within cartilage and is responsible for lengthening during development. It does not contribute to bone thickness.
Choice D reason: Circumferential growth is a vague term and not commonly used in bone biology. It may imply growth around the circumference but is not the standard term for bone thickening.
Choice E reason: Epiphyseal plate closure marks the end of longitudinal bone growth during adolescence. It does not relate to increasing bone thickness.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The sarcomere is the smallest contractile unit of a skeletal muscle. It is composed of actin and myosin filaments arranged in a precise pattern that allows for muscle contraction. Sarcomeres are repeated along the length of a myofibril and are responsible for the striated appearance of skeletal muscle.
Choice B reason: The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores and releases calcium ions, which are essential for muscle contraction. However, it is not the contractile unit itself.
Choice C reason: The sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber. It plays a role in conducting electrical signals but is not the structural unit responsible for contraction.
Choice D reason: A myofibril is a long, cylindrical organelle found within muscle cells that contains many sarcomeres. While it contributes to muscle contraction, it is composed of multiple sarcomeres and is not the fundamental unit.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear of cartilage. It does not involve uric acid crystals.
Choice B reason: Gouty arthritis is the correct answer. It is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints and surrounding tissues, leading to intense inflammation, pain, and swelling, often in the big toe.
Choice C reason: Bursitis is inflammation of the bursae, fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints. It is typically caused by repetitive motion or trauma, not uric acid deposition.
Choice D reason: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of joints. It is not related to uric acid crystals.
Choice E reason: Osteomalacia refers to softening of bones due to defective mineralization, often from vitamin D deficiency. It does not involve joint inflammation or uric acid.
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