A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______, whereas the internal surface is lined with ______.
Epiphysis; diaphysis
Diaphysis; epiphysis
Compact bone; spongy bone
Periosteum; endosteum
Endosteum; periosteum
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Epiphysis and diaphysis refer to regions of a long bone—the ends and shaft respectively—not to the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice B reason: This reverses the anatomical regions but still does not address the coverings of bone surfaces.
Choice C reason: Compact bone and spongy bone are types of bone tissue, not the membranes that line or cover bone surfaces.
Choice D reason: The periosteum is a dense fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of bones, providing attachment points for tendons and ligaments and housing blood vessels and nerves. The endosteum lines the internal surfaces, including the medullary cavity, and plays a role in bone growth and remodeling.
Choice E reason: This reverses the correct anatomical relationship. The endosteum lines the internal surface, not the external.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: An epiphyseal plate is involved in endochondral ossification, not intramembranous ossification. It allows for longitudinal growth in long bones but is irrelevant to flat bone formation.
Choice B reason: Cartilage matrix deterioration is a hallmark of endochondral ossification, where cartilage is replaced by bone. Intramembranous ossification does not involve a cartilage precursor.
Choice C reason: The medullary cavity forms during endochondral ossification as part of the development of long bones. It is not a feature of intramembranous ossification.
Choice D reason: A bone collar forms around the cartilage model during endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification bypasses the cartilage stage entirely.
Choice E reason: Intramembranous ossification begins within fibrous connective tissue membranes. Mesenchymal cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts, which lay down bone matrix. This process is essential for forming flat bones like those of the skull and clavicle.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fast glycolytic fibers are specialized for short bursts of high-intensity activity. They rely on anaerobic metabolism, have large diameters, high glycogen content, and contract rapidly. Sprinting demands explosive power and speed, making these fibers ideal for the task.
Choice B reason: Raking leaves is a moderate-intensity, sustained activity that relies more on slow oxidative or intermediate fibers. It does not require the rapid, forceful contractions characteristic of fast glycolytic fibers.
Choice C reason: Maintaining posture involves continuous, low-intensity contractions, typically supported by slow oxidative fibers. These fibers are fatigue-resistant and suited for endurance, not rapid force generation.
Choice D reason: Hitting a golf ball involves a quick, forceful movement, but it is more reliant on fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers due to the need for both speed and some endurance. It is not as purely anaerobic and explosive as sprinting.
Choice E reason: Running a marathon is a prolonged endurance activity that depends heavily on slow oxidative fibers, which are efficient at aerobic metabolism and fatigue-resistant. Fast glycolytic fibers are not suited for this type of sustained effort.
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