B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the
lymph nodes
spleen
thymus
bone marrow
The Correct Answer is D
A. Lymph nodes: Lymph nodes serve as sites where B lymphocytes encounter antigens and become activated, but they do not confer immunocompetence. They primarily function in filtering lymph and supporting the immune response rather than the initial development of B cells.
B. Spleen: The spleen acts as a secondary lymphoid organ where B cells can encounter blood-borne antigens and participate in immune responses. However, it does not provide the environment for B cells to acquire immunocompetence initially.
C. Thymus: The thymus is essential for T lymphocyte maturation and development of immunocompetence, but it is not involved in B cell maturation. B cells do not pass through the thymus during their development.
D. Bone marrow: B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow, where they undergo differentiation and selection processes to ensure functional antigen receptors. This primary lymphoid organ provides the necessary environment for B cells to acquire the ability to recognize specific antigens before entering circulation.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. IgE:IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic infections. It is present in very low concentrations in plasma compared to other antibody classes.
B. IgM:IgM is the first antibody produced during a primary immune response. Although effective in agglutination and complement activation, it is less abundant in plasma than IgG.
C. IgG:IgG is the most abundant antibody in plasma, accounting for about 75–80% of circulating antibodies. It provides long-term immunity after infection or vaccination and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus.
D. IgA:IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk. Its plasma concentration is lower than IgG, making it less abundant in the bloodstream.
E. IgD:IgD is present in very low concentrations in plasma and primarily functions as a receptor on immature B cells rather than providing systemic immunity.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Participate in the specific immune response formation:Cytotoxic T cells are part of the adaptive immune system and require antigen-specific activation. NK cells, however, are part of innate immunity and act non-specifically, so this is not a similarity between them.
B. Secrete interferons:While both cell types can influence interferon activity indirectly, their main cytotoxic function does not rely on interferon secretion. This is not the defining feature that makes them similar.
C. Participate in nonspecific resistance:Cytotoxic T cells act in a specific, antigen-dependent manner, unlike NK cells, which function nonspecifically. Therefore, nonspecific resistance is only a feature of NK cells, not both.
D. Secrete granzymes and perforin:Both cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells kill target cells by releasing granzymes and perforin. Perforin forms pores in the target cell membrane, allowing granzymes to enter and trigger apoptosis, making this their shared cytotoxic mechanism.
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